Scriptiebank overzicht

Accurate electricity price forecasting is critical in today’s volatile energy markets, particularly with the increasing penetration of renewable energy sources. This thesis aims to
compare the increasingly popular deep learning techniques with established statistical
models for electricity price forecasting in the Belgian day-ahead market. The comparative study uses a deep learning method called Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and
a statistical LASSO-Estimated Auto-Regressive (LEAR) model both in predicting price
values as well as quantifying their uncertainty. The main findings reveal that the LEAR
model outperforms the LSTM model in terms of accuracy and computation time. The
study emphasizes the importance of recalibration for improving forecasts and challenges the notion that deep learning models always outperform statistical methods.
The research contributes to the literature by providing insights into the effectiveness of
different forecasting models in the field of electricity price prediction.

The warming of the global climate system, particularly pronounced in Arctic regions, poses significant challenges to plant species, communities and ecosystems. Understanding the dynamics of Arctic flora in response to this changing climate is crucial for predicting and mitigating its impacts. Long-term vegetational surveys are crucial monitoring tools to capture these dynamics in species diversity, distribution and phenology. Nevertheless, their observations and projections are frequently based on data lacking sufficient temporal and spatial resolution and often neglect the error caused by imperfect observations. Here, we show that species detection is influenced not only by the inherent dynamics of vegetation, including seasonal and year-to-year fluctuations and the broader context of long-term climate change, but also by other temporal, spatial and species-specific variation within the plant community. Interdependent effects of factors such as growing season temperature, seasonal timing of observation, elevation, total plot species richness, and species-specific traits were found to have a crucial impact on species observation accuracy, often manifesting through changes in phenology and morphology across different dimensions. As such, the changing climate directly and indirectly influences these factors through space and time, making it challenging to make a distinction between inherent species dynamics and inaccurate observations. Our findings highlight the need for multiple surveys per year, effective timing of monitoring within the growing season, year-to-year comparisons and adopting adequate spatial scales to account for imperfect observations, especially when studying species’ temporal dynamics. These insights contribute to broader discussions on the complexities of ecological monitoring and underscore the importance of adapting adequate survey methods to effectively capture species dynamics in a changing climate. This to avoid making misleading conclusions, resulting in over- or underestimations of species dynamics.

Deze thesis onderzoekt de integratie van Federated Learning (FL) binnen het domein van het voorspellen van de hersenleeftijd met behulp van structurele Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Door gebruik te maken van het FL-framework Flower stelt dit onderzoek medische instellingen in staat om samen voorspellende modellen te ontwikkelen en tegelijkertijd de gegevensprivacy te waarborgen en te voldoen aan regelgeving zoals GDPR en de California Consumer Privacy Act. Door domeinaanpassingstechnieken toe te passen om ervoor te zorgen dat de leeftijd op alle knooppunten vertegenwoordigd is, vermindert dit onderzoek de problemen die ontstaan door heterogene gegevensdistributies, waardoor de modelprestaties verbeteren. De bevindingen benadrukken de effectiviteit van het gebruik van voorgetrainde modellen, namelijk met algoritmen zoals FedProx, die cliëntdrift corrigeren en hun voordeel aantonen in scenario's met zeer scheve gegevensdistributies. Dit onderzoek onderstreept het potentieel van FL om competitieve modellen te produceren die geschikt zijn voor praktische toepassing in neuroimagingtaken. De implicaties reiken verder dan het voorspellen van de hersenleeftijd en suggereren bredere toepassingen in de gezondheidszorg, waar gegevensprivacy en samenwerkend leren cruciaal zijn. Deze thesis dient als een fundamentele inspanning, waarbij theoretische vooruitgang wordt samengevoegd met praktische toepassingen in de medische diagnostiek, en moedigt verdere verkenning en ontwikkeling in deze domeinen aan.

Soils are everywhere and they are teeming with life. They contain over 59% of all biodiversity and these different species are in close contact with each other. Soil organisms interact with such a vast array of other soil organisms that they construct an intricate soil community network, which is still poorly understood. However, global change is pushing down on these smaller life forms and, by extent, threatening the world as we know it. The loss in soil biodiversity is tangible in the functional network and stunts the performance of entire ecosystems.

This thesis will point our gaze downwards, literally. We will explore the intricate soil network, comprised of life such as microscopic insects, worm-like organisms, fungi and bacteria. While largely invisible, the cooperation of these organisms keeps both the natural world and our civilisation running, as they deliver valuable ecosystem functions which shape our aboveground worlds. Bacteria are an essential cornerstone in soil networks. For instance, they are crucial in the decomposition process, in which they recycle organic matter and thus revitalise the ecosystem. This was our reason to further look into how Bacteria are impacted by the loss of whole groups from the soil network.

This research has found that subsequentially losing more and more different organism groups results in bacterial communities which differ significantly from each other. As their composition changes, the benefits they provide to the ecosystem change as well. We showed that the ability of bacteria to recycle nutrients is drastically impeded as the soil networks are degrading. This will in turn cause further decline in biodiversity as certain species will be unable to sustain their nutritional needs

Plant productivity was affected as well. While grasses seemed to be more resilient, herbs decreased in their performance, which could ultimately have important consequences for the ecosystems, such as a lower abundance of flowers for pollinators.

This study underlines the efficiency of a diverse soil system. Due to the disruption in the trophic and decomposition networks, the functioning of the overall soil network declines in its efficiency. This is alarming considering these belowground communities are the foundation of our aboveground world.

In english:
Obesity prejudice is pervasive, especially in sports environments (Boudreault et al., 2022;
Greenleaf et al., 2012; Thedinga et al., 2021), and negatively impacts individuals who are
overweight or obese, including under -or unemployment, unequal treatment policies.,
discrimination in health care practices, and a higher risk of self-intentional harm and suicidality. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an evaluative conditioning (EC)-based poster, grounded in the newly emerging inferential framework, designed to reduce two common stereotypical beliefs: ‘Overweight people are lazy’ and ‘Overweight people lack motivation to exercise’ (RQ1); while also assessing its effect on the evaluation of individuals who are overweight (RQ2).

The researchers hypothesized that the inferential EC-based poster in the experimental
condition would significantly reduce the stereotypical beliefs (H1a), as well as the reduction would be significantly greater in the experimental condition compared to the control condition (H1b), in which a traditional EC-based poster was presented. The inferential EC-based poster included the pairing of individuals who are overweight (i.e., unconditioned stimulus) with t-shirts displaying ‘I love/heart-symbol fitness’ (i.e., conditioned stimuli), and a slogan to clarify the relation between the pairings. Both posters were displayed in the gym setting and the outcome variables were measured using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires.

The results were mixed, providing partial support for H1a but no support for H1b. This
may be attributed to methodological issues common for research in naturalistic settings. While the intervention did not consistently reduce all targeted stereotypical beliefs or consistently show stronger effects than the traditional EC-based poster, it did significantly reduce the belief that overweight people lack motivation to exercise, with a small to moderate effect size. Furthermore, the study may have found a significant positive effect of the inferential EC-based poster on the evaluation outcome. However, this potential effect should be further examined.

This study highlights the promise of inferential EC-based posters as a potential tool for
reducing obesity prejudice and stereotypical beliefs in everyday environments such as gyms. The findings underscore the importance of further research to replicate and refine inferential EC interventions, focusing on optimizing design variations and enhancing their impact in real-world contexts.

While the potential threat of micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) to marine ecosystems is gain- ing attention, research often utilizes unrealistically high exposure levels. This study bridges that gap by investigating the effects of environmentally relevant MNP concentrations on the saltwater microalgae Rhodomonas salina. It further explores the role of Extracellular Poly- meric Substances (EPS) in mitigating these effects. Microalgae were exposed to a range of PET and aged-PET concentrations (10, 100, 1000, and 10000 particles/mL) to account for potential changes in polymer properties and additive release due to aging. Kaolin served as a control for non-plastic particle effects. Although the study’s findings on algal growth didn’t show a clear trend, they did reveal some intriguing patterns in EPS quantity and com- position. Notably, at the low MNP concentrations used, there were no significant changes in total EPS amount. However, the Protein-to-Carbohydrate (P/C) ratio within the EPS dis- played distinct responses depending on the exposure type. While the P/C-ratio remained stable for PET exposures, it significantly increased for aged-PET and kaolin at higher con- centrations. Interestingly, kaolin exposure resulted in more and larger aggregates, whereas higher concentrations of PET and aged-PET led to fewer and smaller ones. Furthermore, at the highest exposure (10000 particles/mL), all treatments displayed a shift in aggregate composition, with a higher proportion of algal cells relative to EPS. These findings signifi- cantly improve risk assessment of MNPs under current marine pollution conditions. They also highlight the critical role of algal EPS in the aggregation of both microalgae and MNPs, ultimately influencing their environmental fate.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease in the world. It is
characterised by degradative and reparative processes of the articular cartilage and the subchondral bone. To date, there is no causal treatment available for this disease, partly due to the fact that the pathophysiological mechanisms of OA are still not fully understood. Fibroblasts, which play an important role in the production of extracellular matrix (ECM) and synovial fluid, are the most abundant cell type in the synovium. Furthermore, macrophages are the most prominent immune cells in the synovium. The role of these cells in the pathogenesis of OA seems to be promising and therefore further research is recommended. The aim of this scoping review is to summarise the existing literature concerning surface proteins on synovial fibroblasts and macrophages in patients with osteoarthritis to determine their role in the pathogenesis of OA.

Anthropogenic activities across various land uses (e.g. roadsides, industrial areas,
agricultural zones) have introduced xenobiotics, substances not natural to the
ecosystem, in the environment, affecting soil physiochemical characteristics and soil
bacterial communities. To adapt to this changing environment, bacteria have evolved
to withstand these harsh conditions. Insertion sequences (IS) can form composite
transposons that recruit and carry along passenger genes, including those involved in
the degradation of organic pollutants. However, studies examining IS elements
abundance and its cargo in bacterial communities within their natural context is limited.
The purpose of this thesis is to improve our knowledge of the role of the IS element
IS6100 in genetic adaptation within soil bacterial communities. This research focused
on two parts, the first part on Pakistani soil samples that determined how bacterial
community structure and abundance of IS6100 associates with land uses, spatial, and
environmental factors. Land use and location exerted significant influence on alpha
and beta diversity in soil ecosystems, notably with agricultural soil demonstrating
higher diversity due to increased disturbance. While environmental factors such as Cu,
total nitrogen, As, Cd, and total carbon contribute to soil bacterial community variability,
their impact is relatively small compared to land use in shaping soil bacterial
composition. Nevertheless, 86% unexplained variability suggests the presence of
additional important factors that were not measured in our study. IS6100 is
widespread, with no differences in abundance across various geographic Pakistani
samples with differing land use. While effects of environmental factors including
community diversity was low, some toxic contaminants like DiPCB and TriPCB
exhibited a negative correlation with IS6100 abundance. The second part examined
contaminated soils in Belgium, assessing IS6100 abundance by qPCR. Moreover, a
new long-range PCR (LR-PCR) method was applied to amplify the cargo of IS6100
associated CTs for functional analysis by nanopore sequencing. IS6100 was present
across all samples, with significant variations in relative abundance between soils.
Particularly, soil samples continuously exposed to pesticides exhibited elevated
IS6100 abundances compared to those with less clear contaminants. Regarding cargo
genes identification, clear bands in the AGE for every sample suggested that the LR
PCR IS6100 cargo genes were successfully and reproducibly amplified. The amplicons
were successfully sequenced by nanopore sequencing for future functional analysis.

In de literatuur wordt vaak geopperd dat online seksuele delinquenten beschouwd worden als een groep met aparte kenmerken, los van de kenmerken van hand-on seksuele delinquenten. Echter is onderzoek naar online seksuele delinquenten schaars. Daarbij is weinig geweten over de affectregulatie van online seksuele delinquenten en of zij gebaat zijn bij dezelfde emotieregulatietraining die vaak wordt gebruikt voor hands-on seksuele delinquenten.

Deze studie wil, door middel van vragenlijsten, onderzoeken of experiëntiële vermijding, problemen met affectregulatie en seks als coping, het plegen van hands-on en online seksuele misdrijven (mede) zou kunnen verklaren. Dit zou kunnen bijdragen aan het verbeteren van bestaande tertiaire preventieprogramma's voor online seksuele delinquenten in plaats van ze op dezelfde manier te behandelen als hands-on seksuele delinquenten.

In lijn met onze hypotheses zagen we dat het gebruik van experiëntiële emotieregulatie door emoties te erkennen, begrijpen en te uiten, de kans op het plegen van hands-on seksuele delicten significant verlaagt. Aan de andere kant lijkt het onderdrukken van emoties de kans op hands-on seksuele misdrijven juist te vergroten. Dit impliceert dat inzetten op adaptieve emotieregulatievaardigheden binnen de behandeling van hands-on seksuele delinquenten essentieel is.

Voedselbiodiversiteit is de variatie van alles wat we consumeren. Het is belangrijk voor zowel onze gezondheid als voedselzekerheid in de toekomst. Om dit in kaart te brengen en te kunnen verbeteren in de toekomst zijn verschillende formules onderzocht.

De focus ligt op de verschillende mogelijkheden van hernieuwbare energiebronnen in België. Meer specifiek onderzoekt het of de groei van hernieuwbare energie voldoende is om aan de vraag te voldoen. De studie onderzoekt ook diverse manieren om dit haalbaar te maken, waaronder de vergelijking van verschillende kerncentrales, de uitbreiding van offshore windenergie en de toenemende vraag naar zonnepanelen. Daarnaast bevat de studie een kort overzicht van elektrische auto's en andere vormen van energieopwekking.

Er bestaat zowel internationale als Amerikaanse regelgeving die tot doel heeft PFOS-vervuiling te bestrijden. In deze scriptie worden beide soorten regelgeving met elkaar vergeleken. Hoewel de Verenigde Staten van Amerika veel PFOS-vervuiling kennen, is hun PFOS-wetgeving zeer vooruitstrevend.

Deze masterproef biedt een antwoord op de onderzoeksvraag: "Wat zijn faciliterende en beperkende factoren voor strategische autonomie in het EU-energiebeleid?". Dit is een verkennend kwalitatief onderzoek naar de parameters die de strategische autonomie in het EU-energiebeleid vormgeven.

Mijn scriptie gaat over leerlingen in immersieonderwijs en emoties. Uit mijn onderzoek is gebleken dat taal en emoties niet te scheiden zijn en dat emoties in een tweede taal veel moeilijker uit te drukken zijn. Vanwege de problemen op mijn stageplaats heb ik een methodiek ontwikkeld om de leerlingen beter te ondersteunen bij het communiceren van emoties in hun tweede taal.

Aantekeningen van een student is een bundeling fragmenten geschreven gedurende één jaar. Het bestaat uit beschrijvingen van dromen, verslagen van visuele geestelijke reizen, notities, tekeningen en beschrijvingen van wereldbeelden uit andere culturele tradities. Het toont de rijkdom van de menselijke fantasie en overtreedt de gangbare ideeën met betrekking tot het geestelijke aspect van mens-zijn.

Deze scriptie is een longread (lang artikel met verschillende media) over stadslandbouw. Aan de hand van video's, afbeeldingen en tekst maken we duidelijk wat landbouw in de stad is. Maar het gaat vooral over de struikelblokken. Want waar blijft het succes van stadslandbouw.

The question of what constitutes truth today is in debate. In particular, young people seem to have difficulties in verifying the information they encounter online. The digitization means an increasing prevalence of fake news on digital media platforms. This becomes a problem because research has shown that young people mainly consume news that they find online. Fake news raises questions concerning the extent to what young adults trust news online. With this in mind, this master’s thesis focuses on: ’What role do fake news production and dissemination have on trust in news on digital media platforms among Flemish young adults?’

In the literature review, the context is given in which fake news could occur. Understanding this media phenomenon has become more important because denoting everything as fake news can cause potential implications such as damage to the reputation of people, obscuring public debate, or influencing political decisions.

For this master’s thesis, an online quantitative survey was conducted. The attitude of 279 respondents aged between 18-34 in Flanders was measured by a multiple regression analysis. The results show that age and social media contacts play a significant role in the trust of young adults in online news.

Furthermore, the study finds significant correlations between social media features and trust in online news as well as between trust and the extent they interact with online news.

Deze thesis gaat over het Commissievoorstel voor een mechanisme voor koolstofgrenscorrectie (de EU CBAM). Meer bepaald wordt in deze thesis onderzocht of het voorstel niet in strijd is met de regels opgelegd in het kader van de Wereldhandelsorganisatie. Daarbij wordt in het bijzonder ingegaan op de vraag naar de kwalificatie van het mechanisme. Om een nauwkeurige legaliteitsbeoordeling van het voorgestelde mechanisme te voeren, moet immers eerst worden bepaald of het mechanisme een belastingmaatregel of een gewone wetgevingsmaatregel uitmaakt.

This thesis focused on the employees with burnout history in Belgium to investigate their experiences of returning to work after burnout and to examine how mindfulness practices can support them during the reintegration period.

Masterproef over het ontstaan en de evolutie van de diplomatieke huisvesting in Brussel tijdens de negentiende en vroege twintigste eeuw. De scriptie wordt rijkelijk geïllustreerd met zelfgemaakt kaartmateriaal.

Basisonderzoek naar LINE-1 retrotranspositie. Identificatie van nieuwe gastheerfactoren en optimalisatie van LINE-1 retrotranspositie test in neuronale cellijn. Optimalisatie van de detectie van ORF1 proteïne in muizenhersenen.

Deze masterproef onderzoekt het effect van beweging op leerresultaten van adolescenten in een klascontext. Draagt beweging daadwerkelijk bij tot het behalen van betere resultaten? Hoe werken lichaam en geest samen? En wat zijn de achterliggende processen? Dit onderzoek beantwoordt al deze vragen.

Malaria is één van de vier dodelijkste infectieziekten en wordt overgebracht door de vrouwelijke Anopheles mug. Deze aandoening wordt veroorzaakt door parasieten van het Plasmodium genus. De levenscyclus begint met de aanwezigheid van sporozoïeten (SPZn) in de bloedbaan van de menselijke
gastheer als gevolg van een beet van een geïnfecteerde mug. Deze SPZn kunnen vervolgens de levercellen bereiken en deze binnendringen met behulp van de interactie tussen hun belangrijkste oppervlakte-eiwit, het circumsporozoïet proteïne (CSP), en hoog-gesulfateerde heparaansulfaatgroepen op de levercellen. Eenmaal in de levercel, wordt verondersteld dat CSP in het cytoplasma terechtkomt en het transport van de transcriptiefactoren naar de celkern verhindert. Op deze manier zou het immuunsysteem van de levercel mogelijk onderdrukt worden en de overleving van de parasiet bevorderd
worden. Pas wanneer de parasiet de bloedfase bereikt, is er sprake van ziekteverschijnselen zoals de kenmerkende koortsaanvallen. Het is van belang dat malaria goed en op tijd wordt behandeld om verdere complicaties te voorkomen. Als behandeling kan er gebruik gemaakt worden van chloroquine- en artemisine-gebaseerde therapieën. De stijgende resistentie tegen deze behandelingen is echter een stimulans voor het vinden van nieuwe middelen. Het doel van deze thesis was om te onderzoeken of er een interactie plaatsvindt tussen de importine-α eiwitten en het CSP van zowel P. falciparum als P. berghei. Om dit te bereiken werden PfaCSPFL en PbeCSPFL recombinant geproduceerd in E. coli en opgezuiverd via chromatografische methoden. Voor
het verkrijgen van de importine-α eiwitten van zowel menselijke als murine oorsprong, werden respectievelijk HepG2 en Hepa1-6 cellen gecultiveerd. Tenslotte werden pull-down assays uitgevoerd om de mogelijke interactie tussen CSP en importine-α eiwitten te onderzoeken.

In a rapidly changing world, it is of crucial importance to represent diversity in the advertising and marketing of fashion industries. Diversity should be embraced, and marketers must endeavour for approaches that eradicate stereotypes, racism, or tokenism. Representing diversity in advertisements and marketing will result in gains in revenue and brand perception

Chinese outward FDI increased sharply over the last decades, subjecting them to considerable
public debate. Yet, empirical research concerning Chinese investments in the EU is sparse. In
this thesis, we attempt to investigate in a comprehensive way if and how Chinese investments
in the EU differ from investments with other origins. Our empirical analysis focuses on factors
attracting Chinese investments in France and on how Chinese ownership affects the size, performance, and productivity of French firms. By applying an IV probit model, we find that that
higher international experience of the target firm attracts Chinese investors, but also that they
are comparatively less discouraged by the poorer financial health of their targets. Furthermore,
using an IV fixed effects model, we find clear evidence that Chinese ownership is associated
with a smaller size, poorer performance, and lower productivity of the French subsidiary. These
results remain valid after rigorous robustness testing by using propensity score matching and
restricting our sample to various subsamples, although the negative effect associated with Chinese ownership loses significance taking into account the level of democracy and annual growth
rate of the owner’s country. This may imply that Chinese investments are “special” by the
important role of the state and by the economic environment in China stimulating its firms to
catch up quickly.

In a highly unequal society, many young Brazilians suffer oppression based on their class, race, gender, sexual orientation and religion. In the transition to adulthood, a period that is already marked by important changes, this brings along specific needs that need to be met. This research answers how ICBIE, a cultural centre in Salvador da Bahia, tries to meet those needs by providing a
space for young people to participate in activities and volunteer. Young adults from the region and volunteers of ICBIE have participated in a survey and in-depth interviews to find the answer to the central question of this thesis:
“How does volunteering at ICBIE contribute to the personal and professional development of young adults living on the Itapagipe Peninsula of Salvador, Bahia?”. Their answers, insights and stories were complemented by observations and were compared with, and analyzed through the lens of
national data and concepts from Robert Havighurst, Social Justice Theory and Anti-Oppressive Practises. The results show that young adults face a multitude of obstacles, mostly related to oppressive practises. Classism is the form of
oppression that stood out, connecting almost all of the respondents. And while ICBIE can’t directly change the root of these oppressive practises, it mitigates the harmful effects caused by them, by creating a place where volunteers can
learn, take up responsibility, open their view on the world, create meaningful bonds, feel safe and loved, and cultivate hope and resilience for the future.

Wat is het effect van influencers van influencers op merkbetrokkenheid in de categorieën fashion, beauty en food op Instagram?

Een etnografisch onderzoek naar Saudische vrouwen in de
stadskern van Jeddah teneinde de impact van de modernistische hervormingen te bestuderen. Vanuit een transnationaal feministisch perspectief wordt de invloed van de hervormingen op de sociale mobiliteit en posities van vrouwen bestudeerd. Deze studie heeft bijzondere aandacht voor de circulatie van globale discoursen, lokale autonomie en identiteitsformaties van Saudische vrouwen, anno 2020.

Deze scriptie behandelt de uitdaging en verschillen in cultuur die Vlaamse bedrijven tegenkomen als ze willen exporteren of vestigen in Zweden. Door middel van een kwalitatief, verdiepend onderzoek zijn de verschillen in werkcultuur met een focus op communicatie in kaart gebracht en zijn de voorstellen om deze uitdaging te vermijden voorgesteld.

Onderzoek over de mogelijkheden wanneer je gaming engines en architectuur combineert