De Invloed van Tweetaligheid op het Algemeen Cognitief Functioneren: Doen Tweetaligen het Beter?

Davy

Vandelanotte

In België wordt er steeds meer en meer belang gehecht aan tweetaligheid. Het is dan ook niet onlogisch dat er meer en meer discussies opduiken om vanaf het kleuteronderwijs het kind tweetalig te gaan opvoeden. Los van politieke redenen en de vraag of dit haalbaar is, kunnen we ons afvragen of een tweetalige opvoeding goed is voor de ontwikkeling van de hersenen van het kind. Vroeger heerste immers de overtuiging dat een tweetalige opvoeding ADHD, autisme en zelfs schizofrenie veroorzaakte.

Maar hedendaags onderzoek spreekt deze overtuiging tegen. Canadees onderzoek met mensen die een tweetalige opvoeding in het Engels en Frans genoten hebben, toont aan dat een tweetalige opvoeding positieve gevolgen heeft voor het functioneren van de hersenen. In deze scriptie werden dezelfde resultaten gevonden in België met een belangrijke nuance. Mensen die zowel in het Nederlands als het Frans tweetalig zijn opgevoed doen het beter op allerlei computertaken dan mensen die niet tweetalig zijn opgevoed, maar enkel en alleen als die personen tot op heden beide talen dagelijks door elkaar gebruiken. Wanneer mensen die tweetalig zijn opgevoed beide talen niet door elkaar gebruiken (e.g. op school Frans en thuis Nederlands spreken) presteren ze evengoed op allerlei computertaken dan mensen die niet tweetalig zijn opgevoed.

Dergelijk onderzoek toont dus aan dat een tweetalige opvoeding niet alleen een meerwaarde is in het dagelijks leven, maar ook verbeterde hersenfuncties veroorzaken wanneer beide talen actief en continue door elkaar gebruikt blijven worden.

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