Meer ondersteuning voor cognitief sterke leerlingen in het lager onderwijs. Vlaanderen hinkt achterop.

Bieke
Finet

Bieke Finet (Universiteit Antwerpen) beschrijft vanuit wetenschappelijk onderzoek noodzakelijke maatregelen voor cognitief sterke leerlingen in het lager onderwijs.

“Meer ondersteuning voor cognitief sterke leerlingen in het lager onderwijs. Vlaanderen hinkt achterop.” 20 mei 2019

Eindelijk werd binnen het Vlaams Parlement een resolutie gestemd met maatregelen om tegemoet te komen aan de noden van sterke leerlingen op school. Terwijl andere landen al decennialang cognitief sterke leerlingen identificeren en aangepaste hulp bieden, komt daar in Vlaanderen nu pas verandering in. Na de leerkrachten en ouders zijn nu ook de beleidsmakers zich bewust geworden van de specifieke noden van deze leerlingen. Als maatschappij lopen we het risico we heel veel potentieel talent laten verloren gaan. Iets wat we net nodig hebben om de uitdagingen en complexe problemen van de 21ste te kunnen oplossen.

Aangepaste maatregelen voor deze leerlingen zijn niet onmogelijk om te organiseren binnen de gewone klas, maar meer middelen voor opleiding en ondersteuning van de leerkrachten zijn noodzakelijk. Onderzoek geeft aan dat cognitief sterke leerlingen, naast het aanbieden van zelfstandig werk ook andere onderwijsnoden hebben. Expliciete instructie en een goede organisatie van die instructie door de leerkracht is ook voor cognitief sterke leerlingen belangrijk. Tijdens de les kan de leerkracht moeilijkere vragen stellen aan hen, zodat hogere denkvaardigheden worden aangesproken. Daarnaast is zelfstandig uitdagende, onderzoeksgerichte opdrachten oplossen ter vervanging van leerstof die al gekend is, een goede lesstrategie. Deze opdrachten leren hen kritisch denken over realistische problemen. De leerkracht kan denkstappen expliciteren, verbanden helpen ontdekken en hints beschikbaar maken. Tijdens dat zelfgestuurd leren is het wenselijk om leerlingen te laten reflecteren over hun aanpak. Cognitief sterke leerlingen hebben ook nood aan feedback die hen vooruit helpt. Tot slot wordt er bij het oefenen best gevarieerd in het groeperen van de leerlingen: soms niveaugroepen, soms gemengde groepen.

Naast onderzoeker als masterstudent aan de Universiteit Antwerpen is Bieke Finet ook zorgleerkracht in de Vrije Lagere School Westdiep in Oostende. Vanuit haar praktijkervaring vult ze aan dat het mogelijk is om deze maatregelen toe te passen in de klas. Maar om dit effectief waar te maken, naast alle zorg voor de andere leerlingen, heeft een leerkracht handen te kort. Ze pleit dan ook voor meer ondersteuning van de leerkrachten in de klas. Het is haar overtuiging, en het wordt in deze reviewstudie bevestigd, dat de leerkracht ook aandacht kunnen geven aan de cognitief sterke leerlingen.

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Universiteit of Hogeschool
Universiteit Antwerpen
Thesis jaar
2019
Promotor(en)
Prof.dr.V. Donche