Heeft de auto nog wel een toekomst?
Moet ik mijn auto verkopen om de mensheid te redden? Als je leest wat sommige doemdenkers schrijven over het klimaat en de toekomst van de aarde, zou je het nog doen ook. In bijna alle verhalen over de oorzaken van de klimaatcrisis is de auto immers een van dé boosdoeners. De meeste auto’s verbranden nu eenmaal nog steeds fossiele brandstoffen - benzine en diesel - waardoor er hoge concentraties CO2 in de lucht vrijkomen die de aarde verder doen opwarmen - het zogenaamde broeikaseffect.
TRANSPORTSECTOR
In de EU is de transportsector alleen al verantwoordelijk voor 25% van de uitstoot van broeikasgassen. Daarvan is het leeuwendeel afkomstig van wegtransport, meer bepaald van koning auto. Het is dus niet te verwonderen dat in de discussie over het klimaat auto’s het steeds vaker en harder moeten ontgelden. Toch lijkt het onwaarschijnlijk dat mensen in de nabije toekomst bereid zullen zijn om de auto helemaal op te geven. Hoe kunnen we dan de negatieve impact van de auto op het klimaat beperken zonder de auto helemaal te verbannen?
SCENARIO’S
Die vraag vormt het uitgangspunt voor mijn scriptie “How to reduce CO2 emissions from cars?” Om die vraag te beantwoorden, heb ik onderzocht welke scenario’s kunnen bijdragen tot een vermindering van de uitstoot van CO2 door het Belgische wagenpark.
Het eerste scenario onderzoekt wat het effect zou zijn als we bij de productie van auto’s meer hoogwaardig gerecycleerd en minder ruw staal zouden gebruiken. Hoe meer gerecycleerd staal we gebruiken, hoe minder ruw staal we moeten produceren, waardoor de ecologische impact van de staalproductie voor auto’s uiteraard kleiner wordt. In het beste geval, zo blijkt uit mijn onderzoek, zou dit scenario de CO2 die bij het produceren van benzine- en dieselwagens vrijkomt, met 8% kunnen verminderen.
Het tweede scenario onderzoekt in welke mate carsharing systemen zouden kunnen bijdragen tot het reduceren van CO2. Hoe meer we gebruik maken van gedeelde wagens, hoe minder auto’s we nodig hebben om ons te verplaatsen. Bovendien staan de meeste auto’s vandaag gemiddeld 95% van de tijd geparkeerd. Dat is allesbehalve efficiënt. Carsharing leidt dus tot een efficiënter gebruik van auto’s en tot een daling in de productie, aangezien er simpelweg minder auto’s nodig zullen zijn. In dit scenario zouden er in het Belgische wagenpark tegen 2035 zomaar eventjes ruim een half miljoen auto’s minder nodig zijn, wat de CO2 uitstoot met 26% zou doen afnemen.
Het derde scenario onderzoekt wat de zogenaamde elektrificatie van de salariswagens in België zou kunnen betekenen voor het klimaat. Bijna tien procent van alle personenwagens in België is een zwaar gesubsidieerde salariswagen. Hoeveel CO2 uitstoot kunnen de salariswagens ‘besparen’ als we alle diesels zouden vervangen door volledig elektrische wagens? Het antwoord is verbluffend simpel: 95%.
Uit mijn onderzoek blijkt duidelijk dat elk van deze drie scenario’s een positieve invloed heeft op de reductie van CO2, maar dat geen enkel scenario dé oplossing biedt voor deze problematiek. Om de negatieve impact van de auto op het klimaat te beperken is het zaak de drie scenario’s te combineren. We moeten zo snel mogelijk overstappen naar elektrische wagens, meer auto’s delen en bij de productie van auto’s meer gerecycleerde materialen, zoals staal, gebruiken.
CIRCULAIRE ECONOMIE
Tot slot laat ik in deze scriptie zien hoe deze scenario’s bijdragen aan de overgang naar een circulaire economie. De kerngedachte van de circulaire economie is een optimaal gebruik van schaarse grondstoffen. Concepten als recycleren, hergebruiken en delen worden daarom steeds belangrijker. Het recycleren van staal en delen van auto’s verminderen de nood aan nieuwe grondstoffen voor de productie van auto’s. Het lichtzinnige take-make-waste model van de oude, lineaire economie is namelijk niet langer houdbaar voor onze planeet.
Bovendien pleit een circulaire economie voor een gestandaardiseerd design van batterijen voor elektrische wagens. Dit vergemakkelijkt immers het recyclageproces achteraf, wanneer een batterij het einde van haar levensduur bereikt heeft. Bijgevolg kunnen schaarse materialen zoals nikkel en kobalt opnieuw ingezet worden. Daarnaast streeft een circulaire economie ook naar het gebruik van hernieuwbare energie. Indien we erin slagen elektrische wagens te koppelen aan groene stroom, vergroot dit het ecologische voordeel ten opzichte van benzine- en dieselwagens aanzienlijk. Het is dus duidelijk dat de overgang naar een circulaire economie enorm belangrijk is om de transportsector groener te maken.
Dus, nee, we moeten onze auto’s niet massaal verkopen om de planeet te redden, maar wel dringend beter nadenken over hoe we deze gebruiken en wat hiervan de impact is.
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