VERLAGING VAN VENNOOTSCHAPSBELASTING VERHOOGT COMPETITIVITEIT VAN ONTWIKKELDE LANDEN: AMERIKAANSE EN EUROPESE BELASTINGHERVORMING GERECHTVAARDIGD
Allerhande argumenten worden door staten gehanteerd om de globale hervormingstrend van de vennootschapsbelasting te rechtvaardigen. Verscheidene landen verlagen de vennootschapsbelasting als een motief voor een verhoogde competitiviteit. Desondanks het feit dat de publieke opinie deze belastinghervormingen vaak bestempeld als nutteloos, kan de verlaging van de vennootschapsbelasting als motief voor verhoogde competitiviteit toch gerechtvaardigd worden voor ontwikkelde landen. In tegenstelling tot de ontwikkelde landen zouden ontwikkelingslanden de belastinghervorming moeten herzien, aangezien deze verlaging niet zal leiden tot de vooropgestelde competitiviteitsdoelstellingen.
Vennootschapsbelasting beïnvloedt de competitiviteit van landen
Beleidsmakers wereldwijd proberen continu de nationale competitiviteit te verhogen met als doel de competitieve strijd te winnen ten opzichte van andere landen. Tot op heden bestond er geen empirisch bewijs dat de verlaging van de vennootschapsbelasting werkelijk een middel is voor een verhoogde competitiviteit. Onderzoek door Laurens Vleugels aan de Katholieke Universiteit van Leuven heeft uitgewezen dat de verlaging van de vennootschapsbelasting toch niet zinloos is, wat verscheidene politici beweren. Empirisch bewijs duidt aan dat ontwikkelde landen een verhoogde competitiviteit kunnen voorleggen nadat de vennootschapsbelasting verlaagd wordt. De rudimentaire belastinginzameling en economische infrastructuur, aangevuld met corruptie en irrationeel belastingbeleid, zorgt ervoor dat de verhoogde competitiviteit zich niet manifesteert in ontwikkelingslanden wanneer de vennootschapsbelasting verlaagt wordt. Deze ontwikkelingslanden missen de juiste ingrediënten om de verhoging van competitiviteit te verzekeren.
Andere invloeden op de competitiviteit van landen
Het onderzoek wijst ook uit dat andere factoren een invloed hebben op de concurrentiële positie van ontwikkelde landen. Directe buitenlandse investeringen, openheid van de economie, investeringen in vaste activa en de totale belastinginkomsten resulteren ook in een competiviteitsverhoging van ontwikkelde landen. Vervolgens geniet de competitiviteit van ontwikkelingslanden ook van een verhoging wanneer de openheid van de economie verhoogt wordt, maar de competitiviteit wordt negatief aangetast wanneer inflatie opduikt. De competitiviteit van ontwikkelde landen wordt niet aangetast door inflatie, aangezien deze landen gekarakteriseerd worden door een stabieler institutioneel klimaat en een hogere validiteit, wat de impact van economische instabiliteit verzacht.
Implicaties voor beleidsmakers
De huidige belastinghervorming die zich manifesteert in de Verenigde Staten en vele ontwikkelde Europese landen blijkt niet zo onkundig te zijn zoals vele beweren. In tegenstelling tot deze ontwikkelde landen, moeten ontwikkelingslanden hun belastinghervorming herzien wanneer een verhoogde competitiviteit beoogd wordt. Hoewel een verhoging van de vennootschapsbelasting een negatief effect heeft op de competitiviteit van ontwikkelde landen, leidt een verhoging van belastinginkomsten weer wel tot een verhoging van de competitiviteit. Deze bevinding toont aan dat ontwikkelde landen andere bronnen van belastinginkomsten moeten aanboren om hun competitieve positie te verbeteren. Ten slotte toont het onderzoek aan dat de huidige trend van protectionisme, het sluiten van de grenzen en unilaterale acties een negatief effect zal hebben op de competitieve positie van landen. Een herziening van deze maatregelen is aan te raden. Dit onderzoek ondermijnt ook enkele van de controverse acties van Donald Trump, wat een nieuwe kijk levert op de presidentiële verkiezingen in de Verenigde Staten.
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