Luchtvervuiling, ook binnenshuis

Max
Dekeukeleire

 

Luchtvervuiling buitenshuis kennen we allemaal en hun gevolgen voor onze gezondheid weten we eveneens. Onze blootstelling aan vervuilende stoffen wordt echter voor een groot deel bepaald door het binnenmilieu, aangezien de bevolking gemiddeld 90% van hun tijd binnenshuis doorbrengt. De binnenlucht kan 2 tot 5 keer meer vervuild zijn ten opzichte van de lucht gevonden in steden door de combinatie van verschillende vervuilende factoren zoals het opstapelen van vervuiling van buitenlucht binnenshuis, verdampen van chemicaliën uit bouwmaterialen en meubels, reinigingsproducten, kachels, gasfornuis, enz. Daarbij zijn woningen vaak onvoldoende geventileerd. Dit komt duidelijk naar voren in de cijfers van de Wereldgezondheidsorganisatie waarin binnenshuispollutie verantwoordelijk is voor ongeveer 14 keer meer doden dan buitenluchtvervuiling in stedelijke gebieden. Tot op heden zijn er verschillende technologische oplossingen ontwikkeld voor het verminderen van deze verontreinigende stoffen in de binnenlucht. Deze luchtreinigers hebben echter hun nadelen zoals het genereren van eigen verontreinigende stoffen via energieverbruik, verlies van efficiëntie over tijd, en hoge productie-, aankoop- en onderhoudskosten. Als gevolg van deze nadelen krijgt de laatste jaren een meer kosteneffectief, duurzaam, natuurlijk en milieuvriendelijk alternatief steeds meer de aandacht: bioremediatie. Bij bioremediatie wordt er gebruik gemaakt van micro-organismen om milieuverontreinigingen biologisch af te breken of om te zetten in minder of niet-schadelijke moleculen.

Bladbacteriën inzetten tegen vervuiling

Mijn masterthesis focuste zich op een onderdeel van deze bioremediatie-technieken, namelijk fylloremediatie. Fylloremediatie maakt gebruik van micro-organismen - die de bovengrondse oppervlakken van planten koloniseren - in te zetten om milieuverontreinigende stoffen te bioremediëren in gebouwen en mogelijks ook de buitenlucht. De bovengrondse plantoppervlakten, ook wel de fyllosfeer genoemd, is een van de meest voorkomende microbiële habitats op aarde: de wereldwijde bacteriepopulatie in de fyllosfeer zou tot 10^26 bacteriën kunnen omvatten. Op het moment is er weinig gekend over het vermogen van deze blad-geassocieerde of fyllosfeer micro-organismen om pollutie te bioremediëren. Daarom was het doel van mijn masterthesis om te onderzoeken in welke mate de fyllosfeer-bacteriën in staat zijn om vluchtige organische stoffen (VOS), zoals benzeen, tolueen, ethylbenzeen, en xyleen (BTEX) te bioremediëren. VOS zijn typische binnenluchtpolluenten met nadelige gezondheidseffecten op korte en lange termijn. VOS kunnen afkomstig zijn van een scala van huishoudelijke materialen en producten waaronder wasmiddelen, verven, vernissen, lijmen, ontvetters, pesticiden en synthetische geuren.

In het project werden verschillende bacteriële stammen - geïsoleerd uit de fyllosfeer van klimopbladeren - blootgesteld aan een BTEX-mengsel in een luchtdichte doos die fungeerde als een soort bioreactor. De luchtvervuiling in de bioreactor werd vervolgens in real-time opgevolgd over een periode van 24 uur met behulp van een gas-chromatograaf. Na het testen van 17 verschillende bacteriële stammen gaf Isolaat F (schuilnaam vanwege patentredenen) een indicatie om tolueen, ethylbenzeen en xyleen af te breken.

Toepassingen en toekomstig onderzoek

In de studie gaf isolaat F een indicatie om TEX actief af te breken. Daarnaast is er een platform ontwikkeld om bacteriën te screenen op bioremediatie vermogen. Verder onderzoek is echter nog nodig om bladgebaseerde luchtreinigers te ontwikkelen. Het verrijken van de fyllosfeer gemeenschappen op kamerplanten door nuttige bioremediërende bacteriën zou bijvoorbeeld een belovende technologie zijn om binnenhuispollutie in werkplekken en in huizen te bestrijden. Voordat we hier zijn zullen we onder andere de geobserveerde bioremediatie vermogens moeten herbevestigen,  meer fyllosfeerbacterien verzamelen met bioremediërende eigenschappen, en bepalen hoe we deze bacteriën op de beste manier terug kunnen aanbrengen op planten. Vervolgens zullen verschillende bacterie-plantcombinaties kunnen worden getest om te onderzoeken welke combinaties het meest geschikt zijn voor gebruik in kantoren, woonkamers of klaslokalen. Als het voordeel van fyllosfeerbacteriën goed onderbouwd is, zou het gebruik van fyllosfeerbacteriën door gezondheidswerkers, stedenbouwkundigen, en architecten gepromoot kunnen worden om de luchtkwaliteit te verbeteren. Totdat deze nieuwe applicaties ontwikkeld zijn is het openen van ramen en deuren nog steeds de beste oplossing.

Misschien zitten er reeds bioremediërende bacterien op jouw kamerplanten?

Bibliografie

AKMIRZA, I., PASCUAL, C., CARVAJAL, A., PÉREZ, R., MUÑOZ, R. & LEBRERO, R. 2017. Anoxic biodegradation of BTEX in a biotrickling filter. Science of The Total Environment, 587-588, 457-465.

ANDREAE, D. & NOWAK-WĘGRZYN, A. 2017. Chapter 6 - The Effect of Infant Allergen/Immunogen Exposure on Long-Term Health. In: SAAVEDRA, J. M. & DATTILO, A. M. (eds.) Early Nutrition and Long-Term Health. Woodhead Publishing.

ATSDR 2010. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMENT: Ethylbenzene.

ATSDR 2015. Public health statement. In: SCIENCES, D. O. T. A. H. H. (ed.).

AZUBUIKE, C. C., CHIKERE, C. B. & OKPOKWASILI, G. C. 2016. Bioremediation techniques-classification based on site of application: principles, advantages, limitations and prospects. World journal of microbiology & biotechnology, 32, 180-180.

BALLESTERO-TELLEZ, M., LABORDA GUIRAO, T., BATISTA DIAZ, N. & PASCUAL HERNANDEZ, A. 2016. First reported case of a corneal abscess caused by Massilia timonae. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin, 34, 212-3.

BATTAGLIA, M. A., JR., DOUGLAS, S. & HENNIGAN, C. J. 2017. Effect of the Urban Heat Island on Aerosol pH. Environ Sci Technol, 51, 13095-13103.

BAUER, R. N., DIAZ-SANCHEZ, D. & JASPERS, I. 2012. Effects of air pollutants on innate immunity: the role of Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 129, 14-24; quiz 25-6.

BAULIG, A., SOURDEVAL, M., MEYER, M., MARANO, F. & BAEZA-SQUIBAN, A. 2003. Biological effects of atmospheric particles on human bronchial epithelial cells. Comparison with diesel exhaust particles. Toxicol In Vitro, 17, 567-73.

BONVALLOT, V., BAEZA-SQUIBAN, A., BAULIG, A., BRULANT, S., BOLAND, S., MUZEAU, F., BAROUKI, R. & MARANO, F. 2001. Organic compounds from diesel exhaust particles elicit a proinflammatory response in human airway epithelial cells and induce cytochrome p450 1A1 expression. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 25, 515-21.

BOWERS, R. M., MCLETCHIE, S., KNIGHT, R. & FIERER, N. 2010. Spatial variability in airborne bacterial communities across land-use types and their relationship to the bacterial communities of potential source environments. The Isme Journal, 5, 601.

BURCHIEL, S. W. 2005. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the Immune System. In: VOHR, H.-W. (ed.) Encyclopedic Reference of Immunotoxicology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

CAFARO, V., IZZO, V., SCOGNAMIGLIO, R., NOTOMISTA, E., CAPASSO, P., CASBARRA, A., PUCCI, P. & DI DONATO, A. 2004. Phenol hydroxylase and toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase from Pseudomonas stutzeri OX1: interplay between two enzymes. Appl Environ Microbiol, 70, 2211-9.

CALLAHAN, B. 2019. DADA2 v.1.12 [Online]. Available: https://benjjneb.github.io/dada2/https://benjjneb.github.io/dada2/ [Accessed].

CAO, B., NAGARAJAN, K. & LOH, K.-C. 2009. Biodegradation of aromatic compounds: Current status and opportunities for biomolecular approaches.

CAVALCA, L., DELL’AMICO, E. & ANDREONI, V. 2004. Intrinsic bioremediability of an aromatic hydrocarbon-polluted groundwater: diversity of bacterial population and toluene monoxygenase genes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 64, 576-587.

CHANPUT, W., MES, J. J. & WICHERS, H. J. 2014. THP-1 cell line: An in vitro cell model for immune modulation approach. International Immunopharmacology, 23, 37-45.

CHEN, X., LIU, J., ZHOU, J., WANG, J., CHEN, C., SONG, Y. & PAN, J. 2018. Urban particulate matter (PM) suppresses airway antibacterial defence. Respir Res, 19, 5.

CHEN, Y. & WANG, F. 2015. Insights on nitrate respiration by Shewanella. Frontiers in Marine Science, 1.

CIBELLA, F., CUTTITTA, G., DELLA MAGGIORE, R., RUGGIERI, S., PANUNZI, S., DE GAETANO, A., BUCCHIERI, S., DRAGO, G., MELIS, M. R., LA GRUTTA, S. & VIEGI, G. 2015. Effect of indoor nitrogen dioxide on lung function in urban environment. Environ Res, 138, 8-16.

DE KEMPENEER, L., SERCU, B., VANBRABANT, W., VAN LANGENHOVE, H. & VERSTRAETE, W. 2004. Bioaugmentation of the phyllosphere for the removal of toluene from indoor air. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 64, 284-8.

DEEB, R. A. & ALVAREZ-COHEN, L. 1999. Temperature effects and substrate interactions during the aerobic biotransformation of BTEX mixtures by toluene-enriched consortia and Rhodococcus rhodochrous. Biotechnol Bioeng, 62, 526-36.

DELHOMENIE, M. C. & HEITZ, M. 2005. Biofiltration of air: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol, 25, 53-72.

DELLI, A. J. & LERNMARK, Å. 2016. Chapter 39 - Type 1 (Insulin-Dependent) Diabetes Mellitus: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Prediction, and Prevention∗. In: JAMESON, J. L., DE GROOT, L. J., DE KRETSER, D. M., GIUDICE, L. C., GROSSMAN, A. B., MELMED, S., POTTS, J. T. & WEIR, G. C. (eds.) Endocrinology: Adult and Pediatric (Seventh Edition). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders.

DOBROVOLSKAIA, M. & MCNEIL, S. E. 2016. Handbook of immunological properties of engineered nanomaterials.

DOMINGOS LOPES, M., NAGY, A., STANTON, C., ROSS, P. R., GELENCSÉR, E. & SILVA, C. 2017. Immunomodulatory activity of exopolysaccharide producing Leuconostoc citreum strain isolated from Pico cheese.

DOURADO, M. N., CAMARGO NEVES, A. A., SANTOS, D. S. & ARAUJO, W. L. 2015. Biotechnological and agronomic potential of endophytic pink-pigmented methylotrophic Methylobacterium spp. Biomed Res Int, 2015, 909016.

EISNER, A. D., RICHMOND-BRYANT, J., HAHN, I., DRAKE-RICHMAN, Z. E., BRIXEY, L. A., WIENER, R. W. & ELLENSON, W. D. 2009. Analysis of indoor air pollution trends and characterization of infiltration delay time using a cross-correlation method. J Environ Monit, 11, 2201-6.

EL-HASHEMY, M. A. & ALI, H. M. 2018a. Characterization of BTEX group of VOCs and inhalation risks in indoor microenvironments at small enterprises. Sci Total Environ, 645, 974-983.

EL-HASHEMY, M. A. & ALI, H. M. 2018b. Characterization of BTEX group of VOCs and inhalation risks in indoor microenvironments at small enterprises. Science of The Total Environment, 645, 974-983.

ESPLUGUES, A., BALLESTER, F., ESTARLICH, M., LLOP, S., FUENTES-LEONARTE, V., MANTILLA, E. & IÑIGUEZ, C. 2010. Indoor and outdoor air concentrations of BTEX and determinants in a cohort of one-year old children in Valencia, Spain. Science of The Total Environment, 409, 63-69.

FILLEUL, L., RONDEAU, V., VANDENTORREN, S., LE MOUAL, N., CANTAGREL, A., ANNESI-MAESANO, I., CHARPIN, D., DECLERCQ, C., NEUKIRCH, F., PARIS, C., VERVLOET, D., BROCHARD, P., TESSIER, J. F., KAUFFMANN, F. & BALDI, I. 2005. Twenty five year mortality and air pollution: results from the French PAARC survey. Occup Environ Med, 62, 453-60.

FRANKLIN, B. A., BROOK, R. & ARDEN POPE, C. 2015. Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Disease. Current Problems in Cardiology, 40, 207-238.

FROST & SULLIVAN 2016. Indoor Air Purification Technologies, Forecast to 2020.

FUJIMURA, K. E. & LYNCH, S. V. 2015. Microbiota in allergy and asthma and the emerging relationship with the gut microbiome. Cell Host Microbe, 17, 592-602.

FUJIYOSHI, S., TANAKA, D. & MARUYAMA, F. 2017. Transmission of Airborne Bacteria across Built Environments and Its Measurement Standards: A Review. Front Microbiol, 8, 2336.

FUKUDA, M., TAKEDA, H., KATO, H. E., DOKI, S., ITO, K., MATURANA, A. D., ISHITANI, R. & NUREKI, O. 2015. Structural basis for dynamic mechanism of nitrate/nitrite antiport by NarK. Nat Commun, 6, 7097.

GAUDERMAN, W. J., GILLILAND, G. F., VORA, H., AVOL, E., STRAM, D., MCCONNELL, R., THOMAS, D., LURMANN, F., MARGOLIS, H. G., RAPPAPORT, E. B., BERHANE, K. & PETERS, J. M. 2002. Association between air pollution and lung function growth in southern California children: results from a second cohort. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 166, 76-84.

GEISS, O., GIANNOPOULOS, G., TIRENDI, S., BARRERO-MORENO, J., LARSEN, B. R. & KOTZIAS, D. 2011. The AIRMEX study-VOC measurements in public buildings and schools/kindergartens in eleven European cities: Statistical analysis of the data. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 3676-3684.

GHOSAL, D., GHOSH, S., DUTTA, T. K. & AHN, Y. 2016. Current State of Knowledge in Microbial Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review. Front Microbiol, 7, 1369.

GURPREET, S. 2013. Diesel Exhaust Particles and Macrophage Function: Relevance to COPD. PhD, Imperial College London.

HADEI, M., HOPKE, P. K., RAFIEE, M., RASTKARI, N., YARAHMADI, M., KERMANI, M. & SHAHSAVANI, A. 2018. Indoor and outdoor concentrations of BTEX and formaldehyde in Tehran, Iran: effects of building characteristics and health risk assessment. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25, 27423-27437.

HARROD, K. S., JARAMILLO, R. J., BERGER, J. A., GIGLIOTTI, A. P., SEILKOP, S. K. & REED, M. D. 2004. Inhaled Diesel Engine Emissions Reduce Bacterial Clearance and Exacerbate Lung Disease to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection In Vivo. Toxicological Sciences, 83, 155-165.

HASPESLAGH, E., HEYNDRICKX, I., HAMMAD, H. & LAMBRECHT, B. N. 2018. The hygiene hypothesis: immunological mechanisms of airway tolerance. Current Opinion in Immunology, 54, 102-108.

HELIN, T., HAAHTELA, S. & HAAHTELA, T. 2002. No effect of oral treatment with an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103), on birch-pollen allergy: a placebo-controlled double-blind study. Allergy, 57, 243-6.

HERIGSTAD, B., HAMILTON, M. & HEERSINK, J. 2001. How to optimize the drop plate method for enumerating bacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 44, 121-129.

HOGE GEZONDHEIDSRAAD 2017. Indoor air quality in Belgium.

HOPPE, T., PETERS, K. & SCHMIDT, F. 2011. Methylobacterium bullatum sp. nov., a methylotrophic bacterium isolated from Funaria hygrometrica. Systematic and Applied Microbiology, 34, 482-486.

HRISTOVA, K. R., SCHMIDT, R., CHAKICHERLA, A. Y., LEGLER, T. C., WU, J., CHAIN, P. S., SCOW, K. M. & KANE, S. R. 2007. Comparative transcriptome analysis of Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1 exposed to the fuel oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether and ethanol. Appl Environ Microbiol, 73, 7347-57.

HURST, C. J., CRAWFORD, R. L., GARLAND, J. L., LIPSON, D. A., MILLS, A. L. & STETZENBACH, L. D. 2007. Manual of Environmental Microbiology, Third Edition, American Society of Microbiology.

ISHIDA, Y., NAKAMURA, F., KANZATO, H., SAWADA, D., HIRATA, H., NISHIMURA, A., KAJIMOTO, O. & FUJIWARA, S. 2005. Clinical effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus strain L-92 on perennial allergic rhinitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Dairy Sci, 88, 527-33.

JAGUIN, M., FARDEL, O. & LECUREUR, V. 2015. Exposure to diesel exhaust particle extracts (DEPe) impairs some polarization markers and functions of human macrophages through activation of AhR and Nrf2. PLoS One, 10, e0116560.

JANTUNEN, M., DE OLIVEIRA FERNANDES, E., CARRER, P. & KEPHALOPOULOS, S. 2011. Promoting actions for healthy indoor air (IAIAQ).

JEON, H. H., KIM, K. H., CHUN, B. H., RYU, B. H., HAN, N. S. & JEON, C. O. 2017. A proposal of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. jonggajibkimchii subsp. nov. and reclassification of Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. suionicum (Gu et al., 2012) as Leuconostoc suionicum sp. nov. based on complete genome sequences. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 67, 2225-2230.

JI, B., YANG, K., ZHU, L., JIANG, Y., WANG, H., ZHOU, J. & ZHANG, H. 2015. Aerobic denitrification: A review of important advances of the last 30 years. Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, 20, 643-651.

JIANG, S. Y., GALI, N. K., YANG, F., ZHANG, J. & NING, Z. 2017. Chemical characterization of size-segregated PM from different public transport modes and implications of source specific

contribution to public exposure. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24, 20029-20040.

JINDROVÁ, E., CHOCOVÁ, M., DEMNEROVÁ, K. & BRENNER, V. 2002. Bacterial aerobic degradation of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene. Folia Microbiologica, 47, 83-93.

JONES, N. C., THORNTON, C. A., MARK, D. & HARRISON, R. M. 2000. Indoor/outdoor relationships of particulate matter in domestic homes with roadside, urban and rural locations. Atmospheric Environment, 34, 2603-2612.

KANDYALA, R., RAGHAVENDRA, S. P. C. & RAJASEKHARAN, S. T. 2010. Xylene: An overview of its health hazards and preventive measures. Journal of oral and maxillofacial pathology : JOMFP, 14, 1-5.

KARAKAS, B., LAKESTANI, S., GULER, C., GUCIZ DOGAN, B., ACAR VAIZOGLU, S., YOUSEFI RAD, A., SEKEREL, B., TıPıRDAMAZ, R. & GULLU, G. 2013. Indoor and Outdoor Concentration of Particulate Matter at Domestic Homes.

KARDEL, F., WUYTS, K., MAHER, B. A., HANSARD, R. & SAMSON, R. 2011. Leaf saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (SIRM) as a proxy for particulate matter monitoring: Inter-species differences and in-season variation. Atmospheric Environment, 45, 5164-5171.

KAWAI, T. & AKIRA, S. 2007. TLR signaling. Seminars in Immunology, 19, 24-32.

KAWASAKI, T. & KAWAI, T. 2014. Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Front Immunol, 5, 461.

KEGG. 2019. Nitrogen metabolism [Online]. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Available: https://www.genome.jp/kegg/ [Accessed 2019].

KEMBEL, S. W., O’CONNOR, T. K., ARNOLD, H. K., HUBBELL, S. P., WRIGHT, S. J. & GREEN, J. L. 2014. Relationships between phyllosphere bacterial communities and plant functional traits in a neotropical forest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111, 13715-13720.

KIM, K.-H., KABIR, E. & JAHAN, S. A. 2018. Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 67, 23-35.

KIM, M., SINGH, D., LAI-HOE, A., GO, R., ABDUL RAHIM, R., AINUDDIN, A. N., CHUN, J. & ADAMS, J. M. 2012. Distinctive phyllosphere bacterial communities in tropical trees. Microb Ecol, 63, 674-81.

KIM, S. J., LIM, J. M., AHN, J. H., WEON, H. Y., HAMADA, M., SUZUKI, K., AHN, T. Y. & KWON, S. W. 2014. Description of Galbitalea soli gen. nov., sp. nov., and Frondihabitans sucicola sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 64, 572-8.

KOVALEVA, J., DEGENER, J. E. & VAN DER MEI, H. C. 2014. Methylobacterium and its role in health care-associated infection. J Clin Microbiol, 52, 1317-21.

KOZICH, J. J., WESTCOTT, S. L., BAXTER, N. T., HIGHLANDER, S. K. & SCHLOSS, P. D. 2013. Development of a dual-index sequencing strategy and curation pipeline for analyzing amplicon sequence data on the MiSeq Illumina sequencing platform. Appl Environ Microbiol, 79, 5112-20.

LADINO-ORJUELA, G., GOMES, E., DA SILVA, R., SALT, C. & PARSONS, J. 2015. Metabolic Pathways for Degradation of Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Bacteria.

LAFFINEUR, K., AVESANI, V., CORNU, G., CHARLIER, J., JANSSENS, M., WAUTERS, G. & DELMEE, M. 2003. Bacteremia due to a novel Microbacterium species in a patient with leukemia and description of Microbacterium paraoxydans sp. nov. J Clin Microbiol, 41, 2242-6.

LAFOREST-LAPOINTE, I., MESSIER, C. & KEMBEL, S. W. 2016. Host species identity, site and time drive temperate tree phyllosphere bacterial community structure. Microbiome, 4, 27.

LAFOREST-LAPOINTE, I., MESSIER, C. & KEMBEL, S. W. 2017. Tree Leaf Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity Differ along a Gradient of Urban Intensity. mSystems, 2.

LAI, C. C., CHENG, A., LIU, W. L., TAN, C. K., HUANG, Y. T., CHUNG, K. P., LEE, M. R. & HSUEH, P. R. 2011. Infections caused by unusual Methylobacterium species. J Clin Microbiol, 49, 3329-31.

LAMBAIS, M. R., CROWLEY, D. E., CURY, J. C., BULL, R. C. & RODRIGUES, R. R. 2006. Bacterial diversity in tree canopies of the Atlantic forest. Science, 312, 1917.

LAMBRECHT, B. N. & HAMMAD, H. 2017. The immunology of the allergy epidemic and the hygiene hypothesis. Nature Immunology, 18, 1076.

LAWAL, A. O. 2018. Diesel Exhaust Particles and the Induction of Macrophage Activation and Dysfunction. Inflammation, 41, 356-363.

LEAR, G. & LEWIS, G. D. 2012. Microbial Biofilms: Current Research and Applications, Caister Academic Press.

LEE, E. H. & CHO, K. S. 2008. Characterization of cyclohexane and hexane degradation by Rhodococcus sp. EC1. Chemosphere, 71, 1738-44.

LEE, K. & GIBSON, D. T. 1996. Toluene and ethylbenzene oxidation by purified naphthalene dioxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. strain NCIB 9816-4. Appl Environ Microbiol, 62, 3101-6.

LI, N., HAO, M., PHALEN, R. F., HINDS, W. C. & NEL, A. E. 2003. Particulate air pollutants and asthma. A paradigm for the role of oxidative stress in PM-induced adverse health effects. Clin Immunol, 109, 250-65.

LINDOW, S. E. & BRANDL, M. T. 2003. Microbiology of the phyllosphere. Appl Environ Microbiol, 69, 1875-83.

LYMPEROPOULOU, D. S., ADAMS, R. I. & LINDOW, S. E. 2016. Contribution of Vegetation to the Microbial Composition of Nearby Outdoor Air. Applied and environmental microbiology, 82, 3822-3833.

LYNCH, S. V., WOOD, R. A., BOUSHEY, H., BACHARIER, L. B., BLOOMBERG, G. R., KATTAN, M., O'CONNOR, G. T., SANDEL, M. T., CALATRONI, A., MATSUI, E., JOHNSON, C. C., LYNN, H., VISNESS, C. M., JAFFEE, K. F., GERGEN, P. J., GOLD, D. R., WRIGHT, R. J., FUJIMURA, K., RAUCH, M., BUSSE, W. W. & GERN, J. E. 2014. Effects of early-life exposure to allergens and bacteria on recurrent wheeze and atopy in urban children. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 134, 593-601.e12.

MACHADO, P. R. L., ARAÚJO, M. I. A. S., CARVALHO, L. & CARVALHO, E. M. 2004. Mecanismos de resposta imune às infecções. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 79, 647-662.

MARTNER, A. 2018. Regulation of innate and adaptive immune responses by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

MASIH, A., LALL, A. S., TANEJA, A. & SINGHVI, R. 2017. Exposure profiles, seasonal variation and health risk assessment of BTEX in indoor air of homes at different microenvironments of a terai province of northern India. Chemosphere, 176, 8-17.

METZGER, K. B., TOLBERT, P. E., KLEIN, M., PEEL, J. L., FLANDERS, W. D., TODD, K., MULHOLLAND, J. A., RYAN, P. B. & FRUMKIN, H. 2004. Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular emergency department visits. Epidemiology, 15, 46-56.

MEYSMAN, F. J. R. & DE CRAEMER, S. 2018. CurieuzeNeuzen Vlaanderen: Het cijferrapport. Universiteit Antwerpen.

MILLS, J. G., WEINSTEIN, P., GELLIE, N. J. C., WEYRICH, L. S., LOWE, A. J. & BREED, M. F. 2017. Urban habitat restoration provides a human health benefit through microbiome rewilding: the Microbiome Rewilding Hypothesis. Restoration Ecology, 25, 866-872.

MIRSKAYA, E. & E. AGRANOVSKI, I. 2018. Sources and mechanisms of bioaerosol generation in occupational environments.

MOIR, J. W. B. & WOOD, N. J. 2001. Nitrate and nitrite transport in bacteria. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences CMLS, 58, 215-224.

MORETTI, S., SMETS, W., HOFMAN, J., MUBIANA, K. V., OERLEMANS, E., VANDENHEUVEL, D., SAMSON, R., BLUST, R. & LEBEER, S. 2019. Human inflammatory response of endotoxin affected by particulate matter-bound transition metals. Environmental Pollution, 244, 118-126.

MUES, A., MANDERS, A., SCHAAP, M., VAN ULFT, L. H., VAN MEIJGAARD, E. & BUILTJES, P. 2013. Differences in particulate matter concentrations between urban and rural regions under current and changing climate conditions. Atmospheric Environment, 80, 232-247.

MUNDANDHARA, S. D., BECKER, S. & MADDEN, M. C. 2006. Effects of diesel exhaust particles on human alveolar macrophage ability to secrete inflammatory mediators in response to lipopolysaccharide. Toxicol In Vitro, 20, 614-24.

MUÑOZ, R., MALHAUTIER, L., FANLO, J.-L. & QUIJANO, G. 2015. Biological Technologies for the Treatment of Atmospheric Pollutants.

NAKATSU, C. H., HRISTOVA, K., HANADA, S., MENG, X.-Y., HANSON, J. R., SCOW, K. M. & KAMAGATA, Y. 2006a. Methylibium petroleiphilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading methylotroph of the Betaproteobacteria. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 56, 983-989.

NAKATSU, C. H., HRISTOVA, K., HANADA, S., MENG, X. Y., HANSON, J. R., SCOW, K. M. & KAMAGATA, Y. 2006b. Methylibium petroleiphilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading methylotroph of the Betaproteobacteria. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 56, 983-9.

NAZAROFF, W. W. 2016. Indoor bioaerosol dynamics. Indoor Air, 26, 61-78.

NIST 2013. Certificate of Analysis. Standard Reference Material 1650b. National Institute of Standards & Technology.

OGIER, J. C., CASALTA, E., FARROKH, C. & SAIHI, A. 2008. Safety assessment of dairy microorganisms: the Leuconostoc genus. Int J Food Microbiol, 126, 286-90.

OLIVARES, J., BEDMAR, E. J. & SANJUAN, J. 2013. Biological nitrogen fixation in the context of global change. Mol Plant Microbe Interact, 26, 486-94.

OLTRA, C., SALA, R., BOSO, À. & ASENSIO, S. L. 2017. Public engagement on urban air pollution: an exploratory study of two interventions. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 189, 296.

OWNBY, D. R., JOHNSON, C. C. & PETERSON, E. L. 2002. Exposure to dogs and cats in the first year of life and risk of allergic sensitization at 6 to 7 years of age. Jama, 288, 963-72.

PADHI, S. K. & GOKHALE, S. 2017. Treatment of gaseous volatile organic compounds using a rotating biological filter. Bioresource Technology, 244, 270-280.

PARK, E.-J., ROH, J., KANG, M.-S., KIM, S. N., KIM, Y. & CHOI, S. 2011. Biological Responses to Diesel Exhaust Particles (DEPs) Depend on the Physicochemical Properties of the DEPs. PLOS ONE, 6, e26749.

PAULIN, L. & HANSEL, N. 2016. Particulate air pollution and impaired lung function. F1000Res, 5.

QIN, Z. 2012. The use of THP-1 cells as a model for mimicking the function and regulation of monocytes and macrophages in the vasculature. Atherosclerosis, 221, 2-11.

R CORE TEAM. 2018. A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. Available: https://www.r-project.org/.

RAHMAN, M. M. & MCFADDEN, G. 2011. Modulation of NF-κB signalling by microbial pathogens. Nat Rev Microbiol, 9, 291-306.

REDFORD, A. J., BOWERS, R. M., KNIGHT, R., LINHART, Y. & FIERER, N. 2010. The ecology of the phyllosphere: geographic and phylogenetic variability in the distribution of bacteria on tree leaves. Environ Microbiol, 12, 2885-93.

REDFORD, A. J. & FIERER, N. 2009. Bacterial succession on the leaf surface: a novel system for studying successional dynamics. Microb Ecol, 58, 189-98.

RYAN, M. P. & ADLEY, C. C. 2010. Sphingomonas paucimobilis: a persistent Gram-negative nosocomial infectious organism. Journal of Hospital Infection, 75, 153-157.

SALTHAMMER, T., SCHIEWECK, A., GU, J., AMERI, S. & UHDE, E. 2018. Future trends in ambient air pollution and climate in Germany – Implications for the indoor environment. Building and Environment, 143, 661-670.

SCHRODER, P. C., LI, J., WONG, G. W. & SCHAUB, B. 2015. The rural-urban enigma of allergy: what can we learn from studies around the world? Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 26, 95-102.

SCHWARZE, P. E., TOTLANDSDAL, A. I., LÅG, M., REFSNES, M., HOLME, J. A. & ØVREVIK, J. 2013. Inflammation-related effects of diesel engine exhaust particles: studies on lung cells in vitro. Biomed Res Int, 2013, 685142.

SHRIVASTAVA, R. & PHALE, P. 2012. Biodegradation of Mono-aromatic Compounds by Bacteria.

SIEGEL, J. A. 2016. Primary and secondary consequences of indoor air cleaners. Indoor Air, 26, 88-96.

SINGH, P., JAIN, R., SRIVASTAVA, N., BORTHAKUR, A., PAL, D. B., SINGH, R., SRIVASTAVA, P., TIWARY, D. & MISHRA, P. 2017. Current and emerging trends in bioremediation of petrochemical waste: A review.

SMETS, W., WUYTS, K., OERLEMANS, E., WUYTS, S., DENYS, S., SAMSON, R. & LEBEER, S. 2016. Impact of urban land use on the bacterial phyllosphere of ivy (Hedera sp.). Atmospheric Environment, 147, 376-383.

SPACOVA, I., CEUPPENS, J. L., SEYS, S. F., PETROVA, M. I. & LEBEER, S. 2018. Probiotics against airway allergy: host factors to consider. Dis Model Mech, 11.

SPACOVA, I., PETROVA, M. I., FREMAU, A., POLLARIS, L., VANOIRBEEK, J., CEUPPENS, J. L., SEYS, S. & LEBEER, S. 2019. Intranasal administration of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG prevents birch pollen-induced allergic asthma in a murine model. Allergy, 74, 100-110.

SRIPRAPAT, W., SUKSABYE, P., AREEPHAK, S., KLANTUP, P., WARAHA, A., SAWATTAN, A. & THIRAVETYAN, P. 2014. Uptake of toluene and ethylbenzene by plants: Removal of volatile indoor air contaminants. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102, 147-151.

STEIN, L. Y. & KLOTZ, M. G. 2016. The nitrogen cycle. Curr Biol, 26, R94-8.

SU, Y., XIA, F.-F., TIAN, B.-H., LI, W. & HE, R. 2014. Microbial community and function of enrichment cultures with methane and toluene. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 98, 3121-3131.

TAKEUCHI, O. & AKIRA, S. 2010. Pattern recognition receptors and inflammation. Cell, 140, 805-20.

TAMURA, M., SHIKINA, T., MORIHANA, T., HAYAMA, M., KAJIMOTO, O., SAKAMOTO, A., KAJIMOTO, Y., WATANABE, O., NONAKA, C., SHIDA, K. & NANNO, M. 2007. Effects of probiotics on allergic rhinitis induced by Japanese cedar pollen: randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 143, 75-82.

TAO, Y., FISHMAN, A., BENTLEY, W. E. & WOOD, T. K. 2004. Oxidation of benzene to phenol, catechol, and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene by toluene 4-monooxygenase of Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 and toluene 3-monooxygenase of Ralstonia pickettii PKO1. Appl Environ Microbiol, 70, 3814-20.

THOMPSON, A., RUDOLPH, J., ROHRER, F. & STEIN, O. 2003. Concentration and stable carbon isotopic composition of ethane and benzene using a global three-dimensional isotope inclusive chemical tracer model.

THULIN, M. 2018. BAT: an online tool for analysing growth curves [Online]. Available: http://www.mansthulin.se/bat/ [Accessed].

TIETZE, K., DALPKE, A., MORATH, S., MUTTERS, R., HEEG, K. & NONNENMACHER, C. 2006. Differences in innate immune responses upon stimulation with gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. J Periodontal Res, 41, 447-54.

VAN DEN BERG, E. M., VAN DONGEN, U., ABBAS, B. & VAN LOOSDRECHT, M. C. 2015. Enrichment of DNRA bacteria in a continuous culture. Isme j, 9, 2153-61.

VENTURI, V. & KEEL, C. 2016. Signaling in the Rhizosphere. Trends in Plant Science, 21, 187-198.

VLAAMSE MILIEUMAATSCHAPIJ 2018. Jaarrapport Lucht. Emissies 2000-2016 en luchtkwaliteit 2017.

VOGEL, C. F., SCIULLO, E., WONG, P., KUZMICKY, P., KADO, N. & MATSUMURA, F. 2005. Induction of proinflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein in human macrophage cell line U937 exposed to air pollution particulates. Environ Health Perspect, 113, 1536-41.

VOKOU, D., VARELI, K., ZARALI, E., KARAMANOLI, K., CONSTANTINIDOU, H.-I. A., MONOKROUSOS, N., HALLEY, J. M. & SAINIS, I. 2012. Exploring Biodiversity in the Bacterial Community of the Mediterranean Phyllosphere and its Relationship with Airborne Bacteria. Microbial Ecology, 64, 714-724.

VON HERTZEN, L., HANSKI, I. & HAAHTELA, T. 2011. Natural immunity. Biodiversity loss and inflammatory diseases are two global megatrends that might be related. EMBO Rep, 12, 1089-93.

VORHOLT, J. A. 2012. Microbial life in the phyllosphere. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 10, 828.

WANG, M. F., LIN, H. C., WANG, Y. Y. & HSU, C. H. 2004. Treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis with lactic acid bacteria. Pediatr Allergy Immunol, 15, 152-8.

WEI, X., LYU, S., YU, Y., WANG, Z., LIU, H., PAN, D. & CHEN, J. 2017. Phylloremediation of Air Pollutants: Exploiting the Potential of Plant Leaves and Leaf-Associated Microbes. Frontiers in plant science, 8, 1318-1318.

WEST, A. P., KOBLANSKY, A. A. & GHOSH, S. 2006. Recognition and signaling by toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, 22, 409-37.

WILSON, M. & LINDOW, S. E. 1994. Coexistence among Epiphytic Bacterial Populations Mediated through Nutritional Resource Partitioning. Applied and environmental microbiology, 60, 4468-4477.

WITTOUCK, S. 2019. Tidyamplicons [Online]. Available: https://github.com/SWittouck/tidyamplicons/ [Accessed 14 March 2019].

WONGBUNMAK, A., KHIAWJAN, S., SUPHANTHARIKA, M. & PONGTHARANGKUL, T. 2017a. BTEX- and naphthalene-degrading bacterium Microbacterium esteraromaticum strain SBS1-7 isolated from estuarine sediment. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 339, 82-90.

WONGBUNMAK, A., KHIAWJAN, S., SUPHANTHARIKA, M. & PONGTHARANGKUL, T. 2017b. BTEX- and naphthalene-degrading bacterium Microbacterium esteraromaticum strain SBS1-7 isolated from estuarine sediment. J Hazard Mater, 339, 82-90.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 2010a. Exposure to benzene: A major public health concern.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION 2010b. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: selected pollutants.

XIAO, J. Z., KONDO, S., YANAGISAWA, N., TAKAHASHI, N., ODAMAKI, T., IWABUCHI, N., MIYAJI, K., IWATSUKI, K., TOGASHI, H., ENOMOTO, K. & ENOMOTO, T. 2006. Probiotics in the treatment of Japanese cedar pollinosis: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Clin Exp Allergy, 36, 1425-35.

YANG, H. M., BUTTERWORTH, L., MUNSON, A. E. & JEAN MEADE, B. 2003. Respiratory exposure to diesel exhaust particles decreases the spleen IgM response to T cell-dependent antigen in female B6C3F1 mice.

YANG, L., HOU, X.-Y., WEI, Y., THAI, P. & CHAI, F. 2017. Biomarkers of the health outcomes associated with ambient particulate matter exposure. Science of The Total Environment, 579, 1446-1459.

YOON, S. H., HA, S. M., KWON, S., LIM, J., KIM, Y., SEO, H. & CHUN, J. 2017. Introducing EzBioCloud: a taxonomically united database of 16S rRNA gene sequences and whole-genome assemblies. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, 67, 1613-1617.

YOSHIKAWA, M., ZHANG, M. & TOYOTA, K. 2017. Biodegradation of Volatile Organic Compounds and Their Effects on Biodegradability under Co-Existing Conditions. Microbes Environ, 32, 188-200.

YU, H., XIA, Q., YAN, J., HERRENO-SAENZ, D., WU, Y. S., TANG, I. W. & FU, P. P. 2006. Photoirradiation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with UVA light - a pathway leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation, and dna damage. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 3, 348-54.

Download scriptie (2.33 MB)
Universiteit of Hogeschool
Universiteit Antwerpen
Thesis jaar
2019
Promotor(en)
Prof. dr. Sarah Lebeer