Werk zoeken in tijden van corona: een individueel en eenzaam gebeuren

Pieterjan
Dhondt
  • Louise
    Gyselinck

Over de impact van de coronacrisis op de school naar werktransitie is nog weinig bekend. Eerder onderzoek toonde aan dat jongeren die de arbeidsmarkt voor het eerst betreden bijzonder kwetsbaar zijn in tijden van economische en financiële crisis. Dat de coronacrisis ook een impact heeft gehad blijkt uit een onderzoek van studenten Pieterjan Dhondt en Louise Gyselinck van de Universiteit Gent. Zij namen voor hun masterproef, onder begeleiding van doctoranda Jolien Stremersch en professor Greet Van Hoye (Vakgroep Marketing, Innovatie en Organisatie), online interviews af bij laatstejaarsstudenten over hun ervaringen omtrent het zoeken naar werk tijdens de coronacrisis en gaven hen zo een stem in dit moeilijke jaar vol ongekende uitdagingen.

Werkzoekgedrag

Het onderzoek toont in eerste instantie aan dat studenten door COVID-19 meer inspanning en tijd investeerden in het werkzoekproces dan dat ze in normale tijden zouden gedaan hebben. De voornaamste reden hiervoor lag volgens de studenten in het feit dat het zoeken naar werk één van de weinige betekenisvolle activiteiten was die men kon uitvoeren aangezien er door de coronamaatregelen weinig andere dingen te doen waren. Daarnaast werd ook een invloed op het zoekgebied vastgesteld: zo gaf de meerderheid van de respondenten aan hun zoekgebied te hebben uitgebreid naar diverse functies of sectoren door COVID-19 en dat men dit in normale omstandigheden misschien niet of minder snel gedaan zou hebben.

Verder blijkt uit het onderzoek dat het merendeel van de studenten een aantal zoekkanalen niet heeft kunnen gebruiken. Hierbij werden fysieke netwerkevenementen het vaakst aangehaald, maar bleek het ook moeilijk voor studenten om hun persoonlijk netwerk aan te spreken of spontaan te solliciteren. Naast de kanalen die men niet gebruikte blijken de studenten ook een aantal kanalen aan te wenden die men in normale tijden niet zou gebruikt hebben, zoals online jobbeurzen en LinkedIn.

Opmerkelijk is het feit dat enkele studenten door het wegvallen van hun primaire kanaal, zoals spontane fysieke sollicitaties, andere kanalen hebben moeten inschakelen tijdens hun zoektocht en zo nieuwe carrièremogelijkheden hebben ontdekt. Ook geven studenten aan dat men, doordat men meer tijd had en enigszins verplicht was om online te zoeken naar een job, een ruimere kijk gekregen heeft op de mogelijkheden op de arbeidsmarkt. Zo gaf COVID-19 niet enkel aanleiding tot een uitbreiding van het zoekgebied, maar zorgde het er ook voor dat studenten de bredere mogelijkheden van hun behaalde diploma gingen exploreren.

Werkwaarden

Daarnaast blijken ook bepaalde werkwaarden aan belang te winnen of verliezen bij het zoeken naar de eerste job. Opmerkelijk in het onderzoek is het grote belang dat de werkzoekende studenten hechten aan sociale werkwaarden. Bedrijfscultuur, teamwerk en relaties met collega’s zijn waarden die extra aandacht krijgen in tijden van isolatie waarbij men de sociale contacten erg mist. Daartegenover komt dan wel dikwijls de mogelijkheid tot thuiswerk als belangrijke werkwaarde naar voren. Daaruit kan besloten worden dat werkzoekende studenten de voorkeur geven aan jobaanbiedingen waar er een grote flexibiliteit heerst wat betreft de keuze van thuiswerk of naar kantoor komen. Afstand en pendeltijd verloren dan opvallend aan belang.

Mentaal welzijn

Als laatste blijkt uit het onderzoek ook dat de intensieve zoektocht naar werk door COVID-19 mentaal nog zwaarder is geworden. De school naar werk transitie die laatstejaarsstudenten in normale tijden als een collectief proces ervaarden door het spreken met elkaar in lessen of door het bijwonen van fysieke events zoals jobbeurzen werd nu als een heel eenzaam en individueel proces ervaren. Waar studenten voor de coronacrisis steun en advies konden vinden bij elkaar door hun ervaringen en progressie inzake het zoekproces te delen bleek dit tijdens de crisis erg moeilijk door de opgelegde maatregelen.

Als tweede blijkt het voor de studenten ook moeilijker om het zoekproces los te laten, omdat het sociale leven grotendeels is weggevallen. In niet-coronatijden zouden de studenten sneller eens het zoekproces kunnen loslaten door af te spreken met vrienden en eens weg te zijn van thuis, maar nu werd dit toch als moeilijk ervaren door de respondenten. Er was heel weinig afleiding tijdens het proces, er was geen ruimte voor ontspanning en men had het gevoel geen mentale rust te vinden.

Tot slot maakte COVID-19 studenten ook bezorgder wat betreft hun werkzoektocht. De meerderheid van de studenten gaf aan bezorgder te zijn dan voor de coronacrisis om geen geschikte job of geen job die in lijn lag met hun interesses en ambities te vinden.

Waardevolle implicaties en gouden tips

Het onderzoek biedt waardevolle informatie, voor toekomstige werkzoekende afgestudeerden, voor academische instellingen en voor HR-diensten van bedrijven. Ook onderwijsinstellingen kunnen bijdragen aan een gemakkelijker werkzoekproces door in academische opleidingen meer praktische stages op te nemen om het gebrek aan werkervaring op te vangen. Tot slot zouden HR-diensten meer aandacht kunnen hebben voor de sociale werkwaarden die jongeren van belang achten voor hun eerste job.

Screenshot at Oct 03 22-09-10

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Universiteit of Hogeschool
Universiteit Gent
Thesis jaar
2021
Promotor(en)
Greet Van Hoye