“An Apple a Day Keeps the Doctor Away” - van gezegde tot profetie?

Charles
Grammens
  • Victor
    De Boi

 

Ergens tussen de 335.000 en de 670.000 Vlamingen.

Een schreeuwende schatting van hoeveel Vlamingen worden veroordeeld tot een leven lang ziek zijn. Voor hen rest een blijvende uitdaging om hun ziekte in toom te houden en hun symptomen leefbaar. Een continue onderhandeling tussen de grillen van het eigen immuunsysteem enerzijds en medicatie en levensstijlaanpassingen anderzijds. Een gevecht geleverd door talloze bezoeken aan huisarts en ziekenhuis, pillen en spuiten… Of straks misschien wel gewoon met een smartwatch?

Geen contractbreuk mogelijk

Reumatoïde arthritis, psoriasis, diabetes mellitus type 1, inflammatoire darmziekten… Stuk voor stuk complexe ziekten die een ernstige impact hebben op het leven van de mensen die ze met zich meedragen. Het zijn maar een paar voorbeelden van een grote groep ziekten die worden samengebracht onder de noemer van chronische immuun-gemedieerde inflammatoire aandoeningen. Naar schatting lijdt tussen de 5 en 10% van de bevolking aan een van dergelijke ziekten. Een niet te onderschatten aantal onfortuinlijken, elk van hen tegen hun eigen wil in opgetekend voor een levenslange ziekte. Hun verhoogde vatbaarheid voor andere aandoeningen en de zware mentale last van hun ziek-zijn krijgen ze er als toemaatje bij.

Traditie, technologie en toekomst.

Heden beoefenen we gezondheidszorg zoals deze al het gros der tijden beoefend wordt. Een zieke gaat naar de arts of hulpverlener, doet er hun verhaal en wordt zo goed mogelijk geholpen met geruststelling, advies of interventie. De patiënt stelt zich in enkele momentopnamen bloot aan de welwillende nieuwsgierigheid en expertise van de hulpverlener en die laatste probeert de patiënt zo goed mogelijk te helpen en ondersteunen.

Maar wat als het anders kan? Wat als het mogelijk zou zijn dag in dag uit de ziekte in de gaten te houden.

Enkele nieuwe technologische producten en toepassingen kunnen vaak al heel wat ijkpunten en symptomen in de gaten houden. De laatste jaren zijn grote spelers zoals Apple en Fitbit erin geslaagd om de nauwkeurigheid van hun apparaten gevoelig op de krikken, enkelen beginnen reeds te kunnen wedijveren met de nauwkeurigheid van medische apparatuur. Het is een vooruitgang die deuren opent. Zo zou het met behulp van accurate metingen en geavanceerdere analysetechnieken de patiënt en arts vroegtijdig kunnen gaan waarschuwen over wanneer de ziekte of de gevolgen ervan dreigen uit de hand te lopen. Of zou het ook aanbevelingen kunnen doen wanneer het merkt dat ziekteprocessen de overhand aan het nemen zijn.

Gezondheidsdata genoeg

Ons lichaam stuurt continu zichtbare en onzichtbare signalen uit. Parameters waar we allemaal erg vertrouwd mee zijn zoals onze hartslag, temperatuur, ademhaling, bloeddruk… Maar ook minder voor de hand liggende zoals de intonatie van onze stem, de golven van onze hersenen of de hormonen in ons bloed. Het is een niet aflatende stroom aan vaak waardevolle informatie, waar momenteel weinig tot niets mee wordt gedaan. Het doet de vraag rijzen of hulpmiddelen zoals data-analyse, statistische modellen en machine learning ons in staat kunnen stellen om deze overvloed aan informatie om te zetten in een vruchtbare stroom die wel kan worden aangewend. Deze zouden dan kunnen worden gebruikt in het bekomen van bijvoorbeeld meer gepersonaliseerde ziekte-behandeling of het vroegtijdig opsporen van ziekteopflakkeringen.

De weg vooruit

In onze masterproef onderzochten we welke technologische toepassingen vandaag de dag reeds op de markt zijn die zouden kunnen worden ingezet in de behandeling van immuun-gemedieerde inflammatoire ziekten, alsook wierpen we een blik op de wetenschappelijke literatuur van waar en hoe sensoren reeds worden gebruikt bij het behandelen van deze ziekten.

We mochten merken dat er reeds heel wat kwalitatieve producten op de markt zijn, die ook vaak al de nodige veiligheidsnormen en kwaliteitslabels konden halen om te kunnen worden ingezet als medische apparatuur. Ook kon uit wetenschappelijk onderzoek vaak blijken dat er voordelen verbonden zijn aan het gebruik van sensoren in de ziektebehandeling. Desalniettemin, hoewel deze technologieën reeds wetenschappelijk gestaafd potentieel tonen, vindt dit potentieel momenteel vaak nog geen weerspiegeling in daadwerkelijk gebruik ervan in de praktijk. Verder onderzoek met integratie van dergelijke technologieën bij de behandeling van ziekten zoals die van de groep van immuun-gemedieerde inflammatoire aandoeningen zouden het pad kunnen effenen voor klinische implementatie. Alsook de ontwikkeling van tools die het voor de behandelende artsen mogelijk maken om de producten makkelijk te implementeren in hun zorgplan.

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Universiteit of Hogeschool
Universiteit Gent
Thesis jaar
2022
Promotor(en)
Prof. dr. Koen Kas, Dr. Luc Krols
Thema('s)
Geneeskunde
Kernwoorden
sensoren,
IMID