VROUWEN IN MILIEUBESLUITVORMING HET ONTBREKENDE ELEMENT IN HET KLIMAATVRAAGSTUK?

Precious
Unegbu

Vrouwen en klimaatactie

image 660

Binnen academische kringen en onder beleidsmakers heerst een overeenstemming: vrouwen in besluitvormingsposities zijn cruciaal voor het tot stand brengen van effectiever beleidsmaatregelen over onderwerpen zoals abortus, kinderopvang en gender-gerelateerd geweld. Er is echter geen duidelijke consensus over hoe vrouwen in de politiek kunnen bijdragen aan strengere milieu en klimaat beleid. Opvallend is dat hoewel vrouwen de voortouw nemen in klimaatactie en -activisme, ze ondervertegenwoordigd zijn in de milieubesluitvorming van EU-landen. Wereldwijd is slechts 15% van de milieuministers vrouw en in Europa is dit ongeveer 26%. De redenen voor deze lage percentages zijn onduidelijk gezien de onmisbare rol van vrouwen in klimaatbesluitvorming bewezen is. De deelname van vrouwen aan de politieke besluitvorming heeft geresulteerd in een lagere kooldioxide-uitstoot en ambitieuzere klimaatbesluiten. In zowel ontwikkelde als ontwikkelingslanden spelen vrouwen nog steeds een belangrijke rol bij de invoering van groene technologieën, het leiden van discussies over klimaatverandering op internationaal niveau en bevorderen ze de implementatie van meer duurzame bedrijfspraktijken in bestuurskamers van grote bedrijven.

Relatie tussen het aantal vrouwen in het parlement en strenge klimaatbeleid.

Deze grafiek geeft de relatie weer tussen het aantal vrouwen in parlementen en het klimaatbeleid in EU-lidstaten. Uit de resultaten van dit onderzoek blijkt er een sterke relatie te bestaan tussen het aantal vrouwen in parlementen van EU-lidstaten en het klimaatbeleid. Zoals de bovenstaande grafiek laat zien, scoren landen met meer vrouwen in het parlement over het algemeen hoger op de klimaatbeleidsindex.

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Impact van partij ideologie

De positieve relatie tussen het aantal vrouwen in het parliament en strikte klimaatbeleid wordt echter bemiddeld door partij-ideologie. Om te begrijpen hoe het aantal vrouwen in parlementen van EU lidstaten kan bijdragen aan strikte klimaatbeleidsmaatregelen, onderzocht ik de parlementaire debatten over klimaatbeleid en het milieu in België, Ierland en Nederland. De resultaten laten zien dat wanneer rekening wordt gehouden met partij-ideologie, er geen werkelijk genderverschil is in steun voor strikte klimaatbeleidsmaatregelen. Parliamentsleden van linkse politieke partijen drongen over het algemeen meer aan op strengere en onmiddellijke klimaatactie dan hun rechtse tegenhangers. Echter waren er enkegenderverschillen in welke aspecten van een specifiek beleidsinitiatief werden ondersteund. Zo benadrukten vrouwelijke parlementsleden van de Groene Partij in het Nederlandse parlement bijvoorbeeld de behoefte aan betere biodiversiteitsbescherming vanuit intrinsieke waarde, terwijl mannelijke parlementsleden het belang van biodiversiteit voor landbouw en veeteelt benadrukten.

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Universiteit of Hogeschool
Universiteit Gent
Thesis jaar
2023
Promotor(en)
Professor Claire Dupont