Samen sterker spreken: onderzoek naar logopedische groepstraining bij transgender personen
In een wereld die steeds meer gericht is op inclusie en diversiteit, is het begrijpen en ondersteunen van transgender en genderdiverse personen van essentieel belang. De stem, spraak en communicatie vormen vaak hindernissen voor transgender personen. Een logopedist kan ondersteuning bieden bij het overwinnen van deze hindernissen. Deze studie leverde diepgaande inzichten op rond de ervaringen van transgender personen die deelnamen aan logopedische groepstraining, waaruit bleek dat dit groepsgebeuren hun welzijn en zelfacceptatie kan bevorderen.
Genderdiversiteit: c’est quoi ça?
De term 'transgender' wordt gebruikt om personen te beschrijven wiens genderidentiteit niet overeenkomt met het geslacht dat hen bij de geboorte werd toegewezen. Sommige personen identificeren zichzelf als 'non-binair', wat betekent dat ze zich niet comfortabel voelen binnen de traditionele categorieën van ‘man’ en ‘vrouw’.
Moeizame zoektocht
Transgender personen ondervinden vaak hindernissen omtrent hun stem, spraak en communicatie. Vaak past hun spraak niet bij hun genderidentiteit of genderexpressie, waardoor ze bijvoorbeeld fout worden aangesproken aan de telefoon. Logopedie kan helpen met het zoeken naar een stem die past bij hun genderexpressie. Verschillende onderzoeken gingen reeds het effect van logopedische training na, maar er is slechts beperkt onderzoek dat naging of logopedische groepstraining nu effectief ‘werkt’.
Stemtransformatie
Bij logopedische groepstraining komen meerdere personen samen en wordt er geoefend om hun stem en spraak aan te passen onder begeleiding van een logopedist. Zo kan bijvoorbeeld een trans vrouw ervoor kiezen om haar stem aan te passen naar een eerder vrouwelijkere stem, of kan een non-binair persoon ervoor kiezen om hun stem aan te passen naar een eerder neutralere stem. Tijdens logopedische training kiezen ze er zelf voor hoe ze hun stem willen aanpassen, naar hun eigen noden en verlangens. Uiteraard kan men er ook voor kiezen om hun stem helemaal niet aan te passen, indien ze hier geen nood aan hebben. Dit onderzoek legde de focus op het begrijpen van de ervaringen, gevoelens en percepties van genderdiverse personen die deelnamen aan logopedische groepstraining.
Hoe onderzoek je dat?
Om de ervaringen van transgender personen over groepstraining te onderzoeken werden interviews afgenomen. Uit de interviews bleek dat voor de meeste personen het sociale element tijdens logopedische groepstraining belangrijk was. De groepstraining bood hen niet alleen de kans aan om op hun stem te oefenen, maar gaf hen ook de mogelijkheid om ervaringen en eventuele obstakels te delen met elkaar. Volgens de deelnemers gaf hen dat een gevoel van verbondenheid. De mogelijkheid om openhartig te communiceren over persoonlijke ervaringen creëerde diepgaande gesprekken. Zowel de begeleidende logopedist als de mededeelnemers speelden een waardevolle rol in het bieden van feedback, maar ook steun, wat volgens de deelnemers hielp bij hun persoonlijke groei.
“Het was gewoon goed, ik voelde me meteen geaccepteerd en had een fijne verbinding met de anderen. Dat was echt perfect."
Niet allemaal rozengeur en maneschijn
Het onderzoek onthulde echter dat niet alle deelnemers zonder zorgen aan de groepstrainingen begonnen. Sommige deelnemers ervaarden stress en ongemak naar aanleiding van de groepssessies. Dit benadrukt het belang om duidelijke informatie te geven over het verloop van de groepstraining, zodat de deelnemers voorafgaand minder stress of ongemak ervaren.
"De spanning ervoor was het grootst, maar zodra we begonnen waren, was het gelijk voorbij."
Samen sterker
De groepssessies hadden een positief effect op het welzijn van de deelnemers en bevorderden acceptatie, samenhorigheid en zelfvertrouwen. De combinatie met voorafgaande individuele logopedische sessies was volgens de deelnemers cruciaal. Dit gaf duidelijk aan dat samen werken naar een bepaald doel, steeds als waardevol wordt ervaren.
Toekomstvisie
Dit zijn allemaal wel mooie resultaten, maar hoe gaan we dat kunnen toepassen? Naar de toekomst toe zou het nuttig zijn om de groepssessies te laten aansluiten op de individuele sessies. Zo kan er een volledig zorgtraject gecreëerd worden, waarbij genderdiverse personen een duidelijk plan van aanpak hebben om hun stem aan te passen naar hun eigen noden. Dit dan ook in alle mogelijke omstandigheden, zowel binnen als buiten de kliniek. Zo kunnen gevorderde groepen bijvoorbeeld eens een sessie houden buiten de kliniek, bijvoorbeeld op restaurant, waar er verschillende (spraak)opdrachten aan bod kunnen komen. Dan kan er samen geoefend worden in werkelijke omstandigheden, waardoor er ook een groter zelfvertrouwen zou kunnen groeien. Maar dat is momenteel nog toekomstmuziek, aangezien logopedische groepstraining bij genderdiverse personen nog maar in zijn kinderschoenen staat. Veel onderzoek is nog nodig omtrent dit onderwerp, om een volledig zorgkader rond stem te kunnen bieden aan deze mensen.
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