Kunnen posters écht vooroordelen over mensen met overgewicht verminderen?
Klinkt een beetje vreemd, toch? Maar een groep onderzoekers besloot om dit te testen in een onderzoek die nog nooit eerder is gedaan. Ze wilden weten of een simpele poster in een fitnesscentrum - een plek waar veel mensen met overgewicht zich vaak beoordeeld voelen - daadwerkelijk iets kon veranderen aan de vooroordelen die mensen hebben. Hun vraag: Kunnen we hardnekkige stereotypische overtuigingen zoals ‘mensen met overgewicht zijn lui’ of ‘mensen met overgewicht zijn niet gemotiveerd om te sporten’ verminderen met slechts één poster?
Het idee achter de poster
De onderzoekers gebruikten twee interessante ideeën uit de psychologie: ‘evaluatieve conditionering’ en ‘inferentieel redeneren’. Misschien heb je weleens gehoord van Pavlov en zijn hond, die begon te kwijlen wanneer hij een bel hoorde, omdat hij dacht dat er eten zou komen. Dit noemen we conditionering. Bij ‘evaluatieve conditionering’ gebeurt er iets soortgelijks, er wordt namelijk iets neutraals, zoals een product of een persoon, gekoppeld aan positieve elementen door ze samen te presenteren, waardoor je die persoon of dat product positiever of leuker gaat vinden. Denk maar aan Coca-Cola-reclames rond de feestdagen. Krijg je al onmiddellijk een warm en gezellig gevoel bij het idee van een flesje Coca-Cola? Dan is dat waarschijnlijk omdat dat flesje Coca-Cola (oorspronkelijk een neutraal element) vaak gepaard ging met vrolijke mensen en een gezellig sfeer (positieve elementen).
De onderzoekers deden iets vergelijkbaars met hun poster. Ze lieten een man en een vrouw met overgewicht zien, maar in plaats van stil te zitten of niets te doen (zoals vaak het stereotype is), droegen ze een T-shirt met de tekst "I love fitness" terwijl ze actief aan het sporten waren. De gedachte hierachter was dat als mensen deze poster zien, ze misschien anders gaan denken over mensen met overgewicht. Het idee dat ze lui en niet gemotiveerd zijn zou misschien minder sterk zijn en veranderen.
Het andere belangrijke concept dat de onderzoekers gebruikten, is iets dat ‘inferentieel redeneren’ heet. Dit klinkt moeilijk, maar het betekent eigenlijk dat mensen conclusies trekken op basis van wat ze zien of weten. Stel je voor: je ziet iemand binnenkomen met natte kleren en een paraplu. Je denkt waarschijnlijk meteen dat het buiten regent, ook al heb je de regen niet zelf gezien. Je trekt een conclusie op basis van wat je ziet en weet. De onderzoekers wilden dat mensen op dezelfde manier over de poster gingen nadenken: ze zien iemand met overgewicht sporten en concluderen dat die persoon gemotiveerd is en actief bezig is met zijn gezondheid.
En, werkt het echt?
Je vraagt je vast af: "Werkt zo'n poster echt?" Het antwoord is verrassend positief! Uit het onderzoek bleek dat mensen na het zien van de poster minder geneigd waren te geloven dat mensen met overgewicht niet gemotiveerd zijn om te sporten. Bovendien leek de poster de algemene mening over mensen met overgewicht wat positiever te maken.
Hoewel dit eerste resultaat veelbelovend is, is er natuurlijk meer onderzoek nodig om deze effecten definitief te bevestigen. Toch toont het aan dat kleine veranderingen in hoe we mensen afbeelden al een verschil kunnen maken in hoe we over hen denken.
Een stap richting inclusie!
Dit onderzoek laat zien dat een simpele poster misschien meer kan doen dan je denkt. Door positieve, actieve beelden te tonen van mensen met overgewicht, kunnen we helpen om hardnekkige vooroordelen te doorbreken. Het is een stap richting een inclusievere omgeving, waar iedereen zich welkom en gemotiveerd voelt om aan zijn of haar gezondheid te werken, ongeacht hun gewicht.
Dus de volgende keer dat je een fitnesscentrum binnenloopt, kijk eens goed rond. Wie weet zie je een poster die niet alleen aanmoedigt om te sporten, maar ook om anders te denken.
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