Binnen of buitenkat: een ras apart?
Een bachelorstudent Dierenzorg uit Sint-Niklaas onderzocht hoe Vlaamse katteneigenaars omgaan met de buitentoegang van hun huisdier. Gaan katten vrij naar buiten, blijven ze binnen of krijgen ze toegang tot een katveilige tuin? En welke factoren spelen mee in die keuze?
Buiten spelen of binnen blijven?
Binnen de kattenwereld woedt al langer een discussie over het wel of niet buiten laten van katten. Voorstanders wijzen erop dat katten buiten hun natuurlijke gedrag kunnen uitoefenen. Tegenstanders maken zich dan weer zorgen over de veiligheid van hun huisdier of over de vogels die ten prooi vallen aan de pluizige salontijgers. Toch zijn recente cijfers over de buitentoegang van katten in Vlaanderen schaars.
De kat, het baasje en de omgeving
Via een combinatie van een online enquête en livebevragingen werd nagegaan hoeveel katten binnen, buiten of in een katveilige buitenruimte worden gehouden. Daarbij werd gekeken naar kenmerken van de eigenaar, de kat en de omgeving.
Bij de kenmerken van de eigenaar werden het sociodemografisch profiel en het profiel als katteneigenaar bevraagd. Zo werd gevraagd naar de provincie, het geslacht, de leeftijd, het hoogstbehaalde diploma, het al dan niet volgen van een diergerelateerde opleiding en het aantal katten dat de eigenaar heeft. Ook werd nagegaan of respondenten naast hun eigen kat zwerfkatten verzorgen of opvanggezin zijn voor een asiel of organisatie.
Bij de woonomgeving werd gekeken naar het type omgeving (stedelijk, landelijk of voorstedelijk), de nabije omgeving, zoals de aanwezigheid van een park, bos of druk verkeer, en het type woning.
Ook verschillende kenmerken van de kat werden bevraagd, zoals geslacht, leeftijd, voortplantingsstatus en het al dan niet hebben van een ras of stamboom. Daarnaast werd gekeken naar de manier waarop katten naar buiten gaan en hoe hun buitenomgeving eruitziet. Tot slot werd gevraagd naar de redenen achter de gemaakte keuze en werden verschillende verbanden onderzocht.
In totaal namen 1175 respondenten deel aan de online enquête. Daarnaast werden 52 personen live bevraagd.
Wie mag naar buiten?
Uit de online enquête bij 561 respondenten die aangaven of hun kat naar buiten kan, blijkt een vrij evenwichtige verdeling tussen katten die uitsluitend binnen blijven en katten die ook buiten komen (figuur 1). 50,50% van de katten kan zowel binnen als buiten gaan, tegenover 46,53% van de katten die permanent binnen blijven. De overige 2,97% zijn katten die permanent buiten leven. Deze zijn voornamelijk terug te vinden op iemands erf.
Figuur 1: Soorten buitentoegang van de katten van de respondenten – online enquête
Toch blijken zowel kenmerken van de kat als van de eigenaar mee te spelen in deze keuze. Zo worden raskatten met een stamboom vaker permanent binnen gehouden. Van de raskatten met een stamboom blijft 68,82% binnen, tegenover 55,68% van de katten zonder ras of stamboom.
Ook het volgen van een diergerelateerde opleiding vertoont een verband met de keuze voor binnen- of buitentoegang. Eigenaars die een diergerelateerde opleiding hebben gevolgd, laten hun katten vaker naar buiten (59,02%) dan eigenaars zonder dergelijke opleiding (55,52%).
Waarom baasjes de deur openen (of sluiten)
De beweegredenen achter deze keuze blijken afhankelijk van verschillende factoren. Tegelijk wordt het spanningsveld tussen veiligheid en vrijheid duidelijk. Wanneer respondenten uitleggen waarom hun kat wel naar buiten mag, komen argumenten als “een kat moet vrij zijn” en “een kat moet zijn natuurlijke gedragingen kunnen uitoefenen” vaak naar voren. Ook de inschatting dat de buitenomgeving veilig genoeg is, speelt een rol.
Eigenaars waarvan de kat niet naar buiten mag, noemen dan weer vaak veiligheid als reden. Daarbij worden zowel de woonomgeving, zoals een drukke stad of veel verkeer, als gezondheidsredenen, zoals epilepsie of blindheid, aangehaald.
Buiten zonder zorgen?
Een mogelijke oplossing om beide belangen te verzoenen, zijn katveilige buitenruimtes, zoals een catio (een soort ren). Zo kunnen katten veilig van de buitenomgeving genieten, terwijl eigenaars meer controle behouden. Het blijkt nog weinig bekend dat er verschillende opties bestaan om katten veilig in de eigen tuin te houden. Naast de catio bestaan er ook verschillende mogelijkheden om de tuin katveilig af te maken.
Educatie hierover kan dus een belangrijke pijler worden om het welzijn van katten en hun prooidieren en de gemoedsrust van hun baasjes te bevorderen in de toekomst.
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