Scriptiebank overzicht

While the extraction of metals is essential for sustainable energy technologies, they pose environmental challenges due to the toxic materials used in their production and the hazardous waste they generate. The presence of waste containing metals and organic compounds on Earth is increasing, and Europe holds large amounts of metals locked up in industrial process residues, such as tailings, metallurgical sludges, slags, dust, and ashes. The waste or secondary material may contain critical raw materials and base metals with application in the energetic transition. These factors highlight the urgent need for effective recycling practices to manage mine waste and recover valuable secondary raw materials, addressing both environmental and economic challenges.

This thesis investigates the optimal conditions for effective bioleaching of pyrite mine wastes and modern slags from the Achada do Gamo Sulfur factory in the São Domingos Mine area, focusing particularly on Manganese and Zinc recovery to address sustainability concerns. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), the study evaluates the impact and relationship between pulp density, initial pH, and initial ferrous iron concentration evaluated through a Box-Behnken design (BBD). Direct bioleaching experiments were conducted on altered and crushed pyrite, pyrite ashes, and modern slags using a thermophilic microbial culture consisting of Sb. thermosulfidooxidans, L. ferriphillum, and At. caldus (SLA), which utilized elemental sulfur and ferrous iron as energy sources, driving the oxidation of ferrous to ferric iron and the conversion of sulfur to sulfuric acid in the leaching medium.

Results showed that SLA culture is less effective bioleaching in pyrite wastes than slag, although ORP measurements indicated microbial iron oxidation for all materials. This study successfully optimized the recovery of metals from slag samples, indicating a maximum efficiency of metal solubilization under the conditions of 2.32% (w/v) solid load, pH 1.90, and ferrous iron supplementation of 60 mM. The maximum metal recovery achieved was 86.9% Zn, 81.4% Mn, 65% Cu, and 66.4% Co.

For crushed pyrite, under the conditions of pH 1.66, 54 mM supplementation of iron and 2% (w/v) pulp density was estimated to achieve moderate to high recovery of Mn (>53.8%) and Zn (>8.0%). However, the values obtained were not within the 95% confidence interval and the null hypothesis could not be rejected, indicating the proposed model does not apply to the practical application; consequently, an optimized condition was not defined. The application of the same conditions obtained in the model for crushed pyrite was applied to pyrite ash material, which did not result in satisfactory results. Hence, to better recover metals from pyrite ashes and crushed pyrite, further optimization is needed.

This thesis analysed the effect on material scarcity of the soaring wind and solar markets
as energy sources, together with the deployment of batteries and the green hydrogen production
as storage alternatives. It classed the impact on raw materials in 3 categories: critical, moderated, limited

De scheikundige elementen gallium en indium worden geclassificeerd als kritieke grondstoffen voor de EU. In deze scriptie werden ionische vloeistoffen toegepast om beide elementen te recycleren uit LED-verlichting.

Door water te vervangen door ethyleenglycol als een van de vloeistoffasen bij solventextractie, kan een efficiëntere scheiding van zeldzame aarden verkregen worden. Het scheiden van yttrium en europium, twee zeldzame aarden die terug te vinden zijn in lampfosforen, is het doel van het beoogde extractieproces.

Several controversy concerning the management of MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) and their environmental issues. To reduce the volume of waste about 70-90% the process used is the incineration. However, the material resulting from the plant are produced by an uncontrolled process, therefore they have hazardous chemical composition. To replace MSWI as the raw material in concrete, they should be treated with different process. In this research the ashes (from INDAVER) were treated with water, NaOH and Carbonate and after submitted to the compress strength test, TGA (Termogravimetric Analysis) and ASR (Alkali-Silica Reaction, with glasses aggregate) to evaluate the quality. Relevant the role of the Elemental Al, for this analysis new set up was realize. Results conduced that the MSWI was appropriate to replace raw materials in concrete after treatments.