Winkelen als belevenis: hoe architectuur de modewereld wakker schudt
De Prada Epicenter Store in SoHo, New York. © Mira Nietvelt
In het hart van SoHo, New York, staat de Prada Epicenter Store. Wie er binnengaat, betreedt niet zomaar een winkel, maar ervaart een totaalbeleving. Een houten golf slingert door de ruimte als een toneel waarop de kleren hun verhaal vertellen. Ontworpen door de Nederlandse architect Rem Koolhaas (OMA) in 2001, markeerde de winkel een keerpunt: sindsdien bepaalt architectuur actief mee de identiteit van een modemerk.
Van shoppen naar beleven
Flagship stores, de prestigieuze vlaggenschepen van luxemerken, zijn vandaag veel meer dan verkooppunten. Ze zijn ontworpen om emoties op te roepen en bezoekers onder te dompelen in een merkwereld. Licht, materiaal en ruimte beïnvloeden ons onderbewustzijn en bepalen hoe we ons voelen. Waar een bibliotheek stilte oproept en een stadion collectieve extase, kan een modewinkel intimiteit, spanning of zelfs drama oproepen. Het is precies dat spel met emoties dat merken inzetten om hun identiteit tastbaar te maken.
Kathedralen van mode
Al in de negentiende eeuw veranderden warenhuizen zoals Le Bon Marché in Parijs winkelen in spektakel: brede lichtstraten, glazen koepels en imposante trappenhuizen maakten van shoppen een uitstap voor de bourgeoisie, een sociale gebeurtenis eerder dan een praktische taak.
In de eenentwintigste eeuw zetten luxemerken een volgende stap door toparchitecten aan te trekken. Prada werkt met OMA, CHANEL met Peter Marino, Maison Margiela met Studio Anne Holtrop. Het resultaat: ruimtes die niet enkel producten uitstallen, maar het merk zelf belichamen.
Een bezoek aan een Dover Street Market-winkel van Comme des Garçons voelt bijvoorbeeld als verdwalen in een kunstlabyrint vol onverwachte hoekjes, telkens opnieuw ingericht door kunstenaars en ontwerpers. Bij Alexander McQueen stap je een intiem huis binnen, waar donkere houtsoorten en zachte verlichting samen een sfeer van warmte scheppen. En Maison Margiela dompelt je onder in een poederwitte gipswereld die eerder fluistert dan schreeuwt. Elke ruimte is een verhaal dat moet blijven hangen in het geheugen van de bezoeker.
Een blinde vlek
Opvallend genoeg krijgen deze ruimtes nauwelijks aandacht in architectuuropleidingen. Musea, theaters en bibliotheken worden uitgebreid bestudeerd, maar winkels worden vaak weggezet als te commercieel. Toch zijn het juist plekken waar we ons dagelijks bewegen, die emoties oproepen en ons consumentengedrag mee sturen.
Als architectuurstudente met een passie voor mode bezocht ik flagship stores in New York, Milaan, Parijs en Londen. Ik observeerde hoe de ruimtes zijn opgebouwd en vooral: hoe ze aanvoelden. Niet enkel met mijn ogen, maar met mijn hele lichaam. Via affectieve analyse onderzocht ik hoe architectuur subtiel onze ervaring beïnvloedt: hoe je snelheid verandert op een trap, hoe je ademhaling vertraagt in een intieme kamer, hoe licht en geluid samen een sfeer oproepen.
Waarom fysieke winkels blijven bestaan
In een tijd waarin online shoppen het roer lijkt over te nemen, rijst de vraag of fysieke winkels nog nodig zijn. Mijn onderzoek toont dat een webshop wel producten kan tonen, maar nooit de ervaring kan evenaren van een zorgvuldig ontworpen ruimte. In een winkel hoor je je eigen voetstappen, voel je de materialen en adem je een sfeer in. Daarom investeren merken vandaag nog steeds in indrukwekkende architectuur.
Die pracht en beleving hebben ook een keerzijde. Flagship stores zijn vaak exclusief en benadrukken status en hiërarchie. Architectuur kan uitnodigen, maar ook uitsluiten. Juist die spanning maakt modearchitectuur zo relevant: ze toont hoe ruimte niet enkel schoonheid en emotie oproept, maar ook sociale systemen en ongelijkheid zichtbaar maakt.
Shoppen in de metaverse
De flagship stores van morgen zullen spelen met technologie en duurzaamheid, maar tegelijk teruggrijpen naar tactiliteit en traagheid als tegengewicht voor onze digitale wereld. Denk aan virtuele collecties die enkel bestaan in de metaverse, naast winkels die de nadruk leggen op tastbare materialen en zintuiglijke beleving. Zeker is dat wie vandaag een flagship store bezoekt, geen neutrale ruimte betreedt. Het is een toneel waarop mode en architectuur samen een verhaal opvoeren. En jij, als bezoeker, bent telkens de hoofdrolspeler.
Bibliografie
178 Prada Aoyama. (2003). Herzog & de Meuron. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.herzogdemeuron.com/projects/178-prada-aoyama/
412 Miu Miu Aoyama. (2015). Herzog & de Meuron. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.herzogdemeuron.com/projects/412-miu-miu-aoyama/
2023 SS Prada Man. (2022). OMA. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.oma.com/projects/2023-ss-prada-man
2023 SS Prada Women - Touch of Crude. (2022). OMA. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.oma.com/projects/2023-ss-prada-women-touch-of-crude
2025 FW Prada Show. (2025). OMA. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.oma.com/projects/2025-fw-prada-show
A timeline of Prada and OMA / AMO catwalk collaborations. (2012, February 9). Wallpaper*. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/a-timeline-of-prada-and-oma-amo-catwa…
Abad, M. (2020, March 5). Paco Rabanne Opens High-Tech, Digitally Savvy Store in Paris. PAPER Magazine. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://www.papermag.com/paco-rabanne-store-paris#rebelltitem6
Abbas, S. (2020, November 10). Architect Smiljan Radic Takes L’OFFICIEL Inside the New Alexander McQueen SoHo Flagship. L’Officiel. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.lofficielusa.com/fashion/alexander-mcqueen-flagship-smiljan…
Adams, T. (2023, August 9). 4 Times Virgil Abloh Merged Fashion With Architecture. Kulture Magazine. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.kltrmagazine.com/fashion/fashion-designers-inspired-by-arch…
Alexander McQueen – an Introduction. (2017). Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved on April 11, 2025, from https://www.vam.ac.uk/articles/alexander-mcqueen-an-introduction
Alexander McQueen Store Design by Smiljan Radic. (2019). Alexander McQueen. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.alexandermcqueen.com/en-es/stories/alexander-mcqueen-store-…
Brookins, L. (2021). The Visionary Behind the Brick-and-Mortar Beauty of CHANEL. Iconic Collection. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://iconiccollection.com/the-visionary-behind-the-brick-and-mortar-…
Butler, R. (2022). Rei Kawakubo: For and Against Fashion. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Carlson, C. (2023, June 19). Slime drips from the ceiling at Prada menswear show celebrating “fluid architecture.” Dezeen. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2023/06/19/slime-ceiling-prada-menswear-show-flu…
Clark, I. (2020, November 9). Alexander McQueen releases short film with architect Smiljan Radic. The Glass Magazine. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://theglassmagazine.com/alexander-mcqueen-releases-short-film-with…
Cogley, B. (2018, November 7). Dover Street Market’s sixth fashion destination opens in LA. Dezeen. Retrieved on November 30, 2024, from https://www.dezeen.com/2018/11/07/dover-street-market-los-angeles-fashi…
Cohen, E. (2019, April 30). Peter Marino Channels Chanel with Stores in Istanbul & Tokyo. Interior Design. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://interiordesign.net/projects/peter-marino-channels-chanel-with-s…
Crewe, L. (2010). Wear:Where? The Convergent Geographies of Architecture and Fashion. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 42(9), 2093–2108.
Crewe, L. (2018). The Geographies of Fashion: Consumption, Space, and Value. London: Bloomsbury Publishing.
Criales-Unzueta, J. (2025, January 13). What’s fashion’s next big idea? Vogue Business. Retrieved on March 26, 2025, from https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/fashion/whats-fashions-next-big-idea
Dunmall, G. (2015, May 6). OMA’s Fondazione Prada melds old and new in Milan. The Spaces. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://thespaces.com/omas-fondazione-prada-melds-old-and-new-in-milan/
Eleuterio, J. (2023a, May 18). CULTED 101: HOW DOVER STREET MARKET CHANGED THE RETAIL LANDSCAPE. Culted. Retrieved on November 30, 2024, from https://culted.com/culted-101-how-dover-street-market-changed-the-retai…
English, B. (2011). Japanese Fashion Designers: The Work and Influence of Issey Miyake, Yohji Yamamoto and Rei Kawakubo. London: Berg.
Fischli, F., Olsen, N., & Jasper, A. (2021). Retail Apocalypse. Zurich: gta Verlag.
Gargiani, R. (2008). Rem Koolhaas/OMA : the construction of merveilles. Lausanne: EPFL Press.
Gibson, E. (2020a, August 12). Virgil Abloh and AMO design flexible flagship Off-White store in Miami that “can host a runway show.” Dezeen. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/08/12/off-white-miami-design-district-flags…
Gibson, E. (2020b, December 22). I started my fashion brand to do architecture says Virgil Abloh. Dezeen. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.dezeen.com/2020/12/22/virgil-abloh-interview-off-white/
Goldberger, P. (2022). Why architecture matters. New Haven and London: Yale University Press.
Grieco, L. (2011, June 24). OMA / AMO: prada men’s SS 2012 runway. Designboom. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/design/oma-amo-prada-mens-ss-2012-runway/
Gualandris, D. (2021, December 17). Abstract Furnishings And Natural Tonalities Inform The Interior Of Maison Margiela Shanghai. IGNANT. Retrieved on December 5, 2024, from https://www.ignant.com/2021/12/17/abstract-furnishings-and-natural-tona…
Haedrich, M. (1972). Coco Chanel; Her Life, Her Secrets. Boston: Little, Brown.
Hawkins, L. (2022a, October 6). Alexander McQueen and Smiljan Radic erect bubble on London skyline. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/alexander-mcqueen-ss-2022-smiljan-rad…
Hawkins, L. (2022b, October 7). Smiljan Radic on the making of Alexander McQueen’s London flagship. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/alexander-mcqueen-smiljan-radic-mcque…
Hawkins, L. (2022c, October 11). Miuccia Prada and Raf Simons rove the digital realm for S/S 2021. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/miuccia-prada-raf-simons-ss21-debut
Hill, L. J. (2021a, November 24). How Peter Marino Has Shaped the Architecture of Chanel. Cultured Magazine. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://www.culturedmag.com/article/2021/11/24/how-peter-marino-has-sha…
Hill, L. J. (2021b, December 2). Inside Peter Marino’s Architecture for Chanel—and His Newest Building in Miami. Architectural Digest. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/inside-peter-marinos-architec…
Hommert, J., Koolhaas, R., Kubo, M., & Marchelli, C. (2001). Projects for Prada part 1. Milano: Fondazione Prada.
Howarth, D. (2018, April 26). OMA’s Fondazione Prada Torre opens with quirky interiors and renowned contemporary art. Dezeen. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2018/04/26/oma-fondazione-prada-torre-opens-quir…
Hughes, D. T. (2021, February 9). Maison Margiela Introduces New Store Concept by Studio Anne Holtrop with London Flagship. Yellowtrace. Retrieved on December 5, 2024, from https://www.yellowtrace.com.au/studio-anne-holtrop-maison-margiela-lond…
Jacobs, K. (2014, May 5). Dover Street Market New York Makes a Serious Fashion Statement. Architect Magazine. Retrieved on November 30, 2024, from https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/dover-street-market-…
Jordan, E. (2022, November 7). Smiljan Radić Designs a Domestic Labyrinth for Alexander McQueen. Whitewall. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://whitewall.art/design/smiljan-radic-designs-a-domestic-labyrinth…
Jordan, E. (2024, July 16). Peter Marino on Designing Chanel’s New York Watches and Fine Jewelry Flagship. Whitewall. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://whitewall.art/design/peter-marino-on-designing-chanels-new-york…
Kaufman, S. (2022, April 8). Dover Street Market, London. A constant of chaos. Lampoon Magazine. Retrieved on November 30, 2024, from https://lampoonmagazine.com/article/2022/04/08/dover-street-market-lond…
Keighran, M., & Nielsen, D. (2021, December 10). Five Contributions Virgil Abloh Made to the Worlds of Architecture and Home Design. Dwell. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.dwell.com/article/virgil-abloh-architecture-and-home-design…
Kelly, D. (2020, November 9). Alexander McQueen Finds a New Home in New York’s SoHo. PAPER Magazine. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.papermag.com/alexander-mcqueen-soho
Klingmann, A. (2007). Brandscapes: Architecture in the Experience Economy. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Koolhaas, R., Chuihua, J. C., Inaba, J., & Leong, S. T. (2002). The Harvard Design School Guide To Shopping. New York: Taschen.
Koolhaas, R., & McGetrick, B. (2004). Content. Köln: Taschen.
Kwok, N. (2016, January 18). AMO wraps prada’s FW16 runway venue entirely in OSB wood. Designboom. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/amo-oma-prada-fw16-milan-mens-f…
Kwok, N. (2017, January 16). OMA/AMO furnishes prada’s F/W show in milan with domestic scenes. Designboom. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/oma-prada-milan-fashion-week-co…
Leitch, L. (2024, April 15). “There are no rules”: Adrian Joffe on Dover Street Market Paris and the future of retail. Vogue Business. Retrieved on November 30, 2024, from https://www.voguebusiness.com/story/consumers/there-are-no-rules-adrian…
Maoui, Z. (2019, January 15). This is where to go for a seriously beautiful shopping experience. GQ. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.gq-magazine.co.uk/article/alexander-mcqueen-store
Marchese, K. (2018, February 23). black resin mimics nocturnal panorama in AMO-designed prada F/W 2018 show. Designboom. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/design/oma-amo-prada-show-f-w-2018-02-23-201…
McQuillan, V. K. (2020). Fashion Spaces: A Theoretical View. Amsterdam: Frame Publishers.
McQuillan, V. K. (2022, January 20). Prada’s AW2022 menswear show introduces a revolutionary approach to the phygital runway. Frame. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://frameweb.com/article/pradas-aw2022-menswear-show-introduces-a-r…
McQuillan, V. K. (2023, October 10). Interior design is crucial to fashion, says Crosby Studios founder Harry Nuriev. Frame. Retrieved on April 10, 2025, from https://frameweb.com/article/retail/interior-design-is-crucial-to-fashi…
McQuillan, V. K. (2024, February 22). OMA/AMO and Prada celebrate 25 years of extraordinary runway sets. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/prada-amo-oma-rem-koolhaas-sho…
Menconi, M. (2021, February 24). Inside the New Maison Margiela Boutique, Where Fabric Becomes Architecture. ELLE Decor. Retrieved on December 5, 2024, from https://www.elledecor.com/it/best-of/a35617279/maison-margiela-stores-a…
Morris, A. (2021, February 21). Studio Anne Holtrop creates gypsum walls that look like fabric for Maison Margiela store. Dezeen. Retrieved on December 5, 2024, from https://www.dezeen.com/2021/02/21/maison-margiela-bruton-street-studio-…
Morris, C. (2021, March 26). Cool Spaces: Maison Margiela by Studio Anne Holtrop. VISI. Retrieved on December 5, 2024, from https://visi.co.za/maison-margiela-by-studio-anne-holtrop/
Moss, J. (2018, May 3). Inside the Store That Changed the Way We Consume Fashion. AnOther. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://www.anothermag.com/fashion-beauty/10815/inside-the-store-that-c…
Myers, L. (2021, October 15). smiljan radic erects cloud-like dome for alexander mcqueen show in london. Designboom. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.designboom.com/design/smiljan-radic-cloud-like-dome-alexand…
Newbold, A. (2020, March 2). Paco Rabanne’s New Paris Store Is A Retro-Futurist Paradise Begging For Instagram. British Vogue. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://www.vogue.co.uk/news/article/paco-rabanne-store
Nobbs, K., Moore, C. M., & Sheridan, M. (2012). The flagship format within the luxury fashion market. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 40, No. 12, pp. 920-934.
O’Kelly, E. (2022, October 10). Men of steel: KGDVS’ uncompromising approach produces extraordinary results. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://www.wallpaper.com/architecture/men-of-steel-office-kgdvs-uncomp…
Ockman, J. (2002). The Yes Man. ResearchGate, 91(3), 76–79.
Off-White Flagship Store Miami. (2018, November 29). OMA. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.oma.com/projects/off-white-flagship-store-miami
Off-White Flagship Store Paris. (2021, July 7). OMA. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.oma.com/projects/off-white-flagship-store-paris
OFFICE Kersten Geers David Van Severen. (2018). MANIERA. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://www.maniera.be/creators/office-kersten-geers-david-van-severen
Paco Rabanne New Boutique In Paris. (2020, May 27). Les Façons. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://lesfacons.com/2020/05/27/paco-rabanne-new-boutique-in-paris/
Parkes, J. (2021a, October 15). Smiljan Radić creates inflated transparent bubble for Alexander McQueen show. Dezeen. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.dezeen.com/2021/10/15/smiljan-radic-alexander-mqueen-spring…
Parkes, J. (2022e, October 13). Alexander McQueen reuses Smiljan Radić-designed inflatable dome for fashion show. Dezeen. Retrieved on November 17, 2024, from https://www.dezeen.com/2022/10/13/alexander-mcqueen-smiljan-radic-infla…
Parkes, J. (2023a, January 20). Moving ceiling and art-deco chandeliers form setting for Prada menswear show. Dezeen. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2023/01/20/amo-chandeliers-prada-paris-autumn-wi…
Pasquinelli, A. (2023, February 15). Paco Rabanne, farewell to the designer who lived in the future. Istituto Marangoni. Retrieved on February 18, 2025, from https://www.istitutomarangoni.com/en/maze35/game-changers/tribute-to-pa…
Peter Marino and Chanel : A great love story. (2021, December 13). Luxus Magazine. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://magazine.luxus-plus.com/en/peter-marino-and-chanel-a-great-love…
Potvin, J. (2009). The Places and Spaces of Fashion, 1800-2007. New York: Routledge.
Prada Epicenter Los Angeles. (2004). OMA. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.oma.com/projects/prada-los-angeles
Prada Epicenter New York. (2001). OMA. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://www.oma.com/projects/prada-epicenter-new-york
Prada Transformer. (2009). OMA. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://www.oma.com/projects/prada-transformer
Princen, B. (2016). OFFICE Kersten Geers David Van Severen · Paco Rabanne. Divisare. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://divisare.com/projects/322604-office-kersten-geers-david-van-sev…
Quinn, B. (2003). The Fashion of Architecture. New York: Berg.
Reddy, K. (2021, July 5). 2000-2009. Fashion History Timeline. Retrieved on March 26, 2025, from https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/2000-2009/
Reddy, K. (2022, September 27). 2010-2019. Fashion History Timeline. Retrieved on March 26, 2025, from https://fashionhistory.fitnyc.edu/2010-2019/
Rosengren, J. (2015, January 7). Fashion show spaces. ADDRESS. Retrieved on November 10, 2024, from https://www.addresspublications.com/clothed-space/
Sehmer, A. (2016, April 5). Paco Rabanne Paris Boutique. MONTECRISTO Magazine. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://montecristomagazine.com/style/paco-rabanne-paris-boutique
Stephen, B. (2013, October 17). In Praise of the Flâneur. The Paris Review. Retrieved on November 21, 2024, from https://www.theparisreview.org/blog/2013/10/17/in-praise-of-the-flaneur/
Stevens, P. (2015, September 28). AMO sets the stage for prada’s SS’16 women’s show with indefinite hangar. Designboom. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/oma-amo-rem-koolhaas-prada-wome…
Sudjic, D. (2023, February 23). When Herzog & de Meuron and Prada reinvented fashion architecture. Domus. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://www.domusweb.it/en/architecture/2003/07/01/commerce-and-culture…
Sullivan, C. C. (2007, June 27). Chanel Ginza, Tokyo. Architect Magazine. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/lighting/chanel-ginza-toky…
Tehrani, M., & Field-Foster, L. (2024, December 19). Tales from the atelier: Prada. The Times. Retrieved on April 25, 2025, from https://www.thetimes.com/life-style/luxury/article/tales-from-the-ateli…
Thawley, D. (2022, October 11). Belgian firm OFFICE Kersten Geers David Van Severen designs Paco Rabanne’s new Paris boutique. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion/paco-rabannes-neutral-new-boutique--b…
The man behind Prada. (2014, October 27). Medium. Retrieved on February 22, 2025, from https://medium.com/@INTERLIGATOR/the-man-behind-prada-f71636240aaf
Ugelvig, J., Palomino, C., & Ng, C. (2023). Viscose Journal: Retail (Vol. 5). Ribe: Jeug.
van den Heuvel, D. (2002). Reconstructing Prada/OMA. OASE, 59, 114–123.
Van Gerrewey, C. (2019). OMA/Rem Koolhaas: A Critical Reader. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlag GmbH.
van Tienhoven, M. A., & Smelik, A. (2021). The affect of fashion: An exploration of affective method. Critical Studies in Fashion & Beauty, 12(2), 163–183.
Verner, A. (2016, January 19). Inside Paris’s New Paco Rabanne Store With Creative Director Julien Dossena. Vogue. Retrieved on December 8, 2024, from https://www.vogue.com/article/paco-rabanne-new-paris-store
Weller, M. (2023). Pradasphere II. Milano: Prada.
Wigley, M. (1995). White Walls, Designer Dresses: The Fashioning of Modern Architecture. Cambridge: MIT Press.
Wolff, N. (2023, May 12). Inside The New Chanel Flagship Boutique In Beverly Hills. Forbes. Retrieved on November 23, 2024, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/natashawolff/2023/05/11/chanel-celebrities…
Wray, A. (2017, May 23). User Experience: Off-White’s Something & Associates. SSENSE. Retrieved on December 7, 2024, from https://www.ssense.com/en-us/editorial/fashion/user-experience-off-whit…
Timeline
185 Prada New York, Headquarters Prada USA. (2002). Herzog & de Meuron. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.herzogdemeuron.com/projects/185-prada-new-york-headquarters…
855 Madison Ave, NY 10021. (2024). LANVIN. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://us.lanvin.com/pages/madison
Anderson, J. (2021, January 22). OMA frames Prada’s “Possible Feelings.” A Magazine Curated By. Retrieved on April 8, 2025, from https://amagazinecuratedby.com/news/oma-prada-rafsimons-possiblefeeling…
Angelopoulou, S. L. (2021, April 14). jacquemus cobalt blue pop-up flower shop in paris by paf atelier + yoann et marco. Designboom. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/jacquemus-cobalt-blue-pop-up-fl…
Christian Dior Couture SS15. (2015, January 26). Bureau Betak. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://blog.bureaubetak.com/post/109204403924/christian-dior-couture-s…
Cole, S. (2023). Acne Studios’ Miami Store Is Unsurprisingly Beautiful. Highsnobiety. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.highsnobiety.com/p/acne-studios-miami-design-district/
courrèges boutiques. (2024). Courrèges. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.courreges.com/pages/boutique?srsltid=AfmBOoo4ZQvojZI-Hm2PkF…-
Crook, L. (2025, January 30). The Grand Palais was the most significant building of 2024. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2025/01/30/grand-palais-21st-century-architectur…
Diderich, J. (2020, October 12). Acne Studios Revamps Store in “Stockholm Syndrome” Location. WWD. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/acne-studios-renovates-stor…
Didero, M. C. (2023, April 20). BOYY unites with Danish artist FOS for an unconventional take on retail in Milan. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/boyy-fos-milan-store
Dior shows off and opens a spectacular pop-up in Korea. (2022, May 5). Luxus Magazine. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://magazine.luxus-plus.com/en/dior-shows-off-and-opens-a-spectacul…
Eleuterio, J. (2023b, September 30). Crosby Studios’ Harry Nuriev turns Jimmy Choo’s Paris store into an unbreakable vault. Culted. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://culted.com/jimmy-choo-paris-store-harry-nuriev-makeover/
Giorgio Armani London. (2003). Claudio Silvestrin. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.claudiosilvestrin.com/portfolio/armani-london/
Global Dress and Fashion: Antiquity - Present. (2019). Bloomsbury Fashion Central. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.bloomsburyfashioncentral.com/global-dress-and-fashion
How Harrods’ Amina Muaddi store makes its customers feel like guests. (2023, August 7). Frame. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://frameweb.com/article/spaces/how-harrods-amina-muaddi-store-make…
Levy, N. (2018, July 31). Valerio Olgiati uses sky blue marble for interiors of Céline store in Miami. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2018/07/31/valerio-olgiati-celine-store-miami-bl…
Levy, N. (2019, July 25). Joy Season Studio makes red the “protagonist” of Chongqing’s Annakiki store. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2019/07/25/annakiki-store-red-steel-interiors-jo…
Morby, A. (2017, July 13). “Trendiest store in the world” Colette to close after 20 years. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2017/07/13/trendiest-store-in-world-colette-rous…
Moss, J. (2023a, June 13). Saint Laurent takes over modernist masterpiece Neue Nationalgalerie to show latest menswear collection. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/saint-laurent-berlin-menswear-…
Moss, J. (2023b, July 21). Stone Island’s OMA/AMO-designed Munich store is a temple to innovation. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/stone-island-oma-amo-munich-st…
Moss, J. (2023c, November 22). Paul Smith’s iconic pink Los Angeles store has had a makeover. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/paul-smith-pink-los-angeles-st…
Moss, J. (2024, May 13). Gucci filled Tate Modern’s Tanks with thousands of plants for its latest Cruise show. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/gucci-cruise-2025-show-set-sab…
Myers, L. (2022, February 28). bottega veneta’s stripped back milan headquarters host F/W 2022 collection at fashion week. Designboom. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/design/bottega-veneta-new-milan-headquarters…
Neira, J. (2022a, March 1). jacquemus installs all-white 24-hour vending machine in milan. Designboom. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/design/jacquemus-24-hour-vending-machine-mil…
Neira, J. (2022b, May 12). jacquemus creates a surreal blue version of his bathroom in selfridges london. Designboom. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.designboom.com/architecture/jacquemus-le-bleu-selfridges-lo…
Parkes, J. (2021b, October 26). Balenciaga debuts “raw architecture” store aesthetic at Sloane Street flagship. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2021/10/26/balenciaga-flagship-store-sloane-stre…
Parkes, J. (2022a, March 15). Balenciaga dedicates Autumn Winter 2022 show to the climate crisis and the war in Ukraine. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2022/03/15/balenciaga-autumn-winter-2022-fashion…
Parkes, J. (2022b, April 28). Balenciaga wraps London store in pink faux fur to celebrate its Le Cagole “it-bag.” Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2022/04/28/balenciaga-store-pink-faux-fur-celebr…
Parkes, J. (2022c, July 15). Villa Eugénie places two replica villas in flower meadow for Dior menswear show. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2022/07/15/dior-spring-summer-2023-menswear-fash…
Parkes, J. (2022d, September 11). Balenciaga opens tinted-glass couture store beneath historic Paris atelier. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2022/09/11/balenciaga-tinted-glass-couture-store…
Parkes, J. (2022f, December 12). Self-Portrait wraps London store in mint-hued Cornish clay and tonal surfaces. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2022/12/12/self-portrait-andreas-kostopoulos-min…
Parkes, J. (2023b, March 1). Seven key catwalks and installations from Milan Fashion Week. Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2023/03/01/key-catwalks-milan-fashion-week/
Parkes, J. (2023c, March 23). Khaite flagship store designed as a “tribute to the cultural legacy of SoHo.” Dezeen. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.dezeen.com/2023/03/23/khaite-flagship-retail-soho-interiors/
Paul Smith London. (2013). 6a Architects. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.6a.co.uk/projects/more/paul-smith
Petrarca, E. (2024, September 23). The Users Who Overtook the Machine. SSENSE. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.ssense.com/en-fr/editorial/culture/fashion-internet-history
Richford, R. (2023, October 20). Jacquemus’ Café Fleurs Concept Pops Up in Seoul. WWD. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/jacquemus-cafe-fleurs-seoul…
Stitt, B. (2014, September 12). Simon Costin’s Impossible Catwalk Shows. Exhibiting Fashion. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://fashionexhibitionmaking.arts.ac.uk/simon-costins-impossible-cat…
Stitt, B. (2018, August 3). Eckhaus Latta: Possessed. Exhibiting Fashion. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://fashionexhibitionmaking.arts.ac.uk/eckhaus-latta-possessed/
Stitt, B. (2019, June 10). Virgil Abloh: “Figures of Speech.” Exhibiting Fashion. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://fashionexhibitionmaking.arts.ac.uk/virgil-abloh-figures-of-spee…
Sunnei shows how emerging brands might transform the fashion show as we know it. (2022, September 30). Frame. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://frameweb.com/article/shows/sunnei-shows-how-emerging-brands-mig…
Templeton, L. (2021, December 2). Jacquemus’ Latest Pop-up Operates 24 Hours a Day Like a Vending Machine. WWD. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/jacquemus-vending-machine-p…
These 8 sets stole the show during the latest fashion weeks in Milan and Paris. (2023, October 12). Frame. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://frameweb.com/article/shows/these-8-sets-stole-the-show-during-t…
Whyman, B. (2018, July 7). Catwalking: Fashion through the Lens of Chris Moore. Exhibiting Fashion. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://fashionexhibitionmaking.arts.ac.uk/catwalking-fashion-through-t…
Wu, D. (2024, December 9). Inside Dior’s “Gold House” in Bangkok, a spectacular celebration of Thai art and craft. Wallpaper*. Retrieved on May 8, 2025, from https://www.wallpaper.com/fashion-beauty/inside-gold-house-dior-store-b…
