Belonging Beyond Borders: Identity Narratives and Feelings of Belonging among South Sudanese Refugees in Northern Uganda
Genomineerde shortlist Vlaamse Scriptieprijs
Continued mobility has spawned a renewal of interest in the saliency of borders, opposing strengthened border securitisation to a borderless and globalised world. Current representations of the modern sovereign territorial nation-state and reification of territorial borders are increasingly contested, argued to be inconsistent with the construction and delineation of borders and boundaries in non-territorial terms.
Drawing on a micro-analysis of borders and boundaries, the purpose of this thesis is to uncover a ‘thick description’ of the ways in which South Sudanese refugees navigate borders during their mobility trajectories across the borderland between Uganda and South Sudan. Following refugees’ mobility trajectories, this thesis further aims to explore the threefold relation between subjective perceptions of borders and boundaries, the circumscription of communities of belonging, and evolving identity narratives. The particular borderland between Uganda and South Sudan, used as case study for this thesis, is characterised by a range of dynamic cross-border interactions and relations between both sides of the international border. While borders can divide sub-ethnic and/or linguistic communities, borderlands also lead to the creation of new and complex identities, often interrelated through linguistic, tribal, and cultural ties, as the findings of this research have indicated.
Based on semi-structured interviews conducted in different refugee settlements in northern Uganda, the results highlight a multidimensional perception of borders among refugees: both in a literal and symbolic sense. Although a deep sense of longing for South Sudan, and subsequent national identification, remains, refugees have demonstrated differing nationalistic, tribal, and linguistic identifications. As identification is not a linear process, affected by the evolution of time and space, refugees have demonstrated a multi- layered and interrelated process of nationalistic, tribal, and linguistic identification, grounded across multiple locations at once. By rethinking the logic of borders beyond their territorial materialisation, and by including a symbolic dimension (referring to cross-border tribal and linguistic boundaries), this thesis illustrates the diversity and complexity underlying refugee’s sense of belonging and interrelated identity narratives, subjected to continuous processes of identity negotiations.
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