Scriptiebank overzicht

Few fields in human life benefit from what we call ‘climate change’. The consequences of climate change become apparent and are obstructing–sometimes taking–our lives. This is reason enough to anticipate them and implement mitigation and adaptation strategies through policymaking. However, climate model outputs are plagued with uncertainty; this fact evokes controversy about how they should be interpreted, communicated, and used in decision-making. What do these models tell us and should we base any policy decisions on their outcomes if these are highly uncertain? To warrant our trust in the model outcomes regarding decision-making, the sources of and reasons for the uncertainty should be well-understood.
In this thesis, I investigate the emergence of uncertainty in climate model projections. More precisely, I examine what elements throughout the modelling process are the reason for the uncertainty in the outcomes and how this should be interpreted. Is trust in the outcomes warranted? I evaluate this question as a philosopher of science, conducting a philosophical analysis of the climate modelling process and the concepts related to it.
I cast light on the question by analysing climate modelling in three main ways: through a conceptual analysis of ‘model’, ‘climate’, and ‘system’, through an analysis of the experience of ‘climate’, and from a technical perspective by examining the construction of single-model components, coupled global earth system models, and model ensembles.
When considering how the climate is experienced, I find that it is not clear how it could be experienced since it is a scientifically constructed concept. On the other hand, knowledge of this scientific concept may influence our interpretation of weather phenomena. Furthermore, there are many phases in the model-building process; each phase introduces errors and therefore uncertainty that is carried along to the subsequent phases. Observational data is used to estimate some free values in the model. Choosing which values to align with the data on the one hand and with the physical theory on the other hand requires expert opinion. It is a matter of debate whether the outcomes are trustworthy when they result from alignment with observational data, at the expense of adequate representation of the physical processes. The choices made form a source of subjective uncertainty, while the technical constraints of the chosen approach introduce errors. The concept of ‘adequacy-for-purpose’ means that a model is never adequate relative to the entire climate system, but more apt to answer some questions and less apt to answer others.
Overall, there are three important elements to remember: first, a climate model is built to gain insight into climate phenomena that are highly uncertain. Although the model includes uncertainty too, it reduces the uncertainty in the climate phenomena per se. Secondly, climate models are never ‘true’, but can be adequate for their intended purpose. Using climate model outcomes for answering questions they were not built for will result in meaningless responses. Lastly, including more models and more plausible scenarios will result in more different outcomes; if these outcomes are, on average, closer to the ‘truth’, this should not be a problem. Converging outcomes does not necessarily mean they are more correct. Obtaining more correct average answers, by evaluating more models and more scenarios, is a good practice.

Talen met elkaar vergelijken kan onze kennis over taal en over bepaalde fenomenen in taal verrijken. Deze scriptie past deze methode toe om meer te weten over de ontwikkeling van labiele werkwoorden in het Latijn.

Onze studie werd uitgevoerd bij patiënten met adulte spinale deformiteit. Wij hebben onderzocht of spinopelvische parameters op 2D radiografie representatief zijn voor het statisch alignement van de 3D wervelkolom en in welke mate het 3D statisch alignement de dynamische functie van de wervelzuil tijdens de gangbeweging benadert.

Deze scriptie onderzoekt de verschillende alignmentsystemen die aanwezig zijn in de Zuid-Amerikaanse Guaykurútalen (Argentinië, Bolivia, Brazilië, Paraguay), met speciale aandacht voor "hierarchical alignment."

Tolken in 3D: kan het?Wie zijn ze? Wat doen ze? Wat drijft hen?Reeds in 1945 was hun aanwezigheid tijdens de Neurenberg-processen van onschatbare waarde en ook in de geglobaliseerde wereld van vandaag zijn ze een onmisbare schakel: tolken zijn de bruggenbouwers tussen mensen die elkaars taal en cultuur niet kennen.Een Europese top, een vakbondsvergadering of een consultatie bij de huisarts? Een tolk is van vele markten thuis.

1 Problem definition and research questionsYoung Innovative Companies (YICs) play a crucial role in today’s innovation landscape. Because these companies spend at least 15 percent of their budget on R&D, they are considered to be highly innovative. Moreover, these companies are also very young, small and often lack financial resources. Therefore, they face so-called innovation boundaries that prevent them from intensifying their innovation and R&D activities.

 “The fight over same-sex marriage represents a competition over socially constructed meanings, as groups and individuals on both sides of the issue struggle to define the meanings of marriage, sexuality, morality, and civil rights, and to assert their own definitions of the situations in the face of organized opposition.”De ratificatie van de Bill of Rights in 1791 gaf de nieuwe Verenigde Staten een internationale reputatie als beschermer van burgerrechten en vrijheden.

A socialist takeover of Health Care? Op welke manier beïnvloedt de Tea Party de discussie omtrent gezondheidszorg en welke blijvende effecten heeft dit op de partijpolarisatie in de VS?                                                                Sinds 2009 wordt men in de VS geconfronteerd met de opkomst van de zogenaamde Tea Party beweging. Deze Tea Party beweging vindt ingang over heel het grondgebied van de VS en heeft in november 2010 reeds bewezen dat ze een niet te onderschatten invloed kan uitoefenen op het Amerikaanse politieke systeem.

RELEVANTIE VAN MISSION STATEMENTS IN VLAAMSE NOT-FOR-PROFIT INSTELLINGEN
 
Lic. Dominique Vandijck
Universiteit Gent
 
Samenvatting:
 
Dit artikel geeft de resultaten weer van een onderzoek naar het gebruik van mission statements (MS) in Vlaame not-for-profit instellingen. Meer specifiek, heeft het onderzoek getracht te bepalen of er een relatie bestaat tussen de initiële ‘drivers’ die geleid hebben tot het formuleren van de MS en de performantie. Aan de hand van 23 MS-componenten werden 74 Vlaamse non-profit instellingen (ziekenhuizen en RVT’s) geënquêteerd.