AT THE MERCY OF THE STATE How nature's rights can reinstall (Indigenous) commons: a Te Urewera case study
This master's thesis researches the governance aspect of New Zealand's Te Urewera Act. It answers the following question: 'What does a commons evaluation of the Te Urewera Act demonstrate about Rights of Nature's (RoN) potential to contribute to the reinstatement of (Indigenous) commons?' The research starts with a descriptive chapter, comprising an introduction to the Te Urewera Act, its historical background, the RoN movement and the commons framework, followed by a thorough legal analysis of the Act. Then, the paper determines the way in which the Te Urewera framework can be classified as a commons. Further on, Elinor OSTROM’s eight design principles for sustainable commons institutions are applied to the legal framework, revealing continued state involvement. The paper explains this particular feature through the founding principles of international law, and their continued influence on the international legal framework. Building on these findings, the concluding chapter communicates the role of the RoN aspect in Te Urewera's governance structure and the general potential of RoN for the reinstatement of (Indigenous) commons. The research paper concludes with a call to consider RoN and commons together more often, especially in the context of international law.
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