A Language of Silence: Lived Experiences of Return among Burundian Returnees in Bujumbura Mairie
Silence is often described in paradoxical terms, “loud”, “heavy”, “muted”, or “deafening”, reflecting its complex and contradictory nature. This dissertation explores the lived experiences and narratives of Burundian returnees, with a focus on the events of 1993 and 2015. Marked by violence, displacement and return, these events serve as points of departure for understanding returnees’ interconnected narratives that emerge from realities of political conflict and forced displacement. In particular, it examines how silence is constructed and expressed within these narratives. While expressions of silence vary, returnees’ experiences are consistently marked by the space silence occupies and the meaning it holds in relation to how return is perceived and interpreted. Based on short-term ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Bujumbura, Burundi, in March 2025, this research uses a combination of various qualitative methods, including participant observation, semi-structured interviews, informal meetings and interactions.
In a context where a highly politicised discourse surrounding return converges with a long-standing institutionalised culture of silence, this dissertation argues that silence in Burundi functions as an ambivalent space of negotiation between being silent and being silenced, capable of both upholding and subverting power. Drawing on the notion of historicity, the relationality between the past, present and future, it explores how silence operates as a language through which returnees articulate the complexities of their return. In the end, what emerges is a form of enlisement in silence, a sinking into the language of silence that permeates the everyday, as a response to legacies of violence and displacement.
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