Idealized bodies, internalized pain
The body as a muse
How many times have we heard or read this phrase?
From a very young age, we are constantly bombarded
with images of the body—whether in cartoons portraying
ultra-thin, flawless princesses or superheroes with
hyper-muscular physiques. These images, which we car-
ry with us daily, are not harmless representations. They
are vehicles of aesthetic ideals that, much like those
seen throughout art history, have taught us to perceive
the body in specific, culturally determined ways.
Over the centuries, artistic depictions of the human
body—from classical Greek statues and Renaissance
works to Cubist interpretations and contemporary body
art—have played a key role in constructing and perpe-
tuating unattainable beauty standards, shaping both so-
cial and individual expectations. But how exactly has the
representation of the body in art history contributed to
the construction of these aesthetic ideals and canons—
so deeply rooted that they influence contemporary body
perception? And how has this influence, compounded by
the rise of social media and advertising, become a sour-
ce of psychological distress and a possible contributor to
mental health issues such as eating disorders?
This thesis seeks to explore these questions by tracing
the evolution of aesthetic canons from antiquity to their
modern-day rupture, and by offering a neuroscientific,
philosophical, and phenomenological investigation into
how humans perceive themselves—whether through the
imagery in paintings or the visuals that surround us daily.
To carry out this research, a combination of scientific,
artistic, and bibliographic sources has been employed,
alongside a qualitative analysis based on open inter-
views and the collection of personal diaries, as discus-
sed in Chapter 4.
This study does not merely observe how the body has
been represented; it questions how such representations
have shaped a collective imagination around the “ideal”
body—and how that imagination continues to impact in-
dividual self-perception. The aim is twofold: on one hand,
to understand how and where these mechanisms that
generate aesthetic norms originated—analyzing how the
body has been used as a foundational element for the
rules embedded in modern society; on the other, to in-
vestigate the psychological and social impact this exerts
on younger generations. To this the thesis is divided into
four chapters.
The first provides a historical-artistic overview of body
representation across different artistic periods. The se-
cond chapter explores the meaning of body perception,
including body image, body schema, and the distinction
between the lived body and the idealized body. The third
chapter examines the connection between the body and
aesthetic norms, offering a more philosophical and phe-
nomenological interpretation of reality.
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Finally, the fourth chapter introduces the field resear-
ch conducted with students at KASK School of Arts
in Ghent, with reflections and analyses of the inter-
view responses. In a world that expects perfection
from us—professionally, socially, economically, and
even personally—there is no space for failure when
it comes to the body. This reality is so deeply woven
into our cultural fabric that it becomes nearly impos-
sible to detach ourselves from it. This thesis aims to
be a point of reflection—a space for questioning why
we are so profoundly conditioned by what we should
look like or become, rather than focusing on simply
living the one life we are given.
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