Scriptiebank overzicht

This thesis addresses the cognitive friction associated with executing manual tasks using flat 2D documentation in spatial computing environments, where users must constantly shift attention between instructions, physical tools, and machinery. To solve this, we present EmbedLLM, the first automated, context-aware content reformatting framework that adapts both content design and presentation to the user’s environment and specific goal. EmbedLLM converts unstructured step-based PDF manuals into 3D spatially embedded instructions in Virtual Reality (VR). The system operates via a pipeline that abstracts the environment into a semantic scene graph, leverages a multi-stage Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning chain to construct step-based instruction nodes and semantic edges, and instantiates these panels using a novel, semantically aware force-directed 3D label placement algorithm to achieve spatial equilibrium and prevent visual clutter.
We evaluated EmbedLLM through a preliminary preference survey (n = 20) across diverse environments and a within-subjects user study (n = 12) comparing the framework to a traditional floating PDF window during 3D printer maintenance tasks. The preference survey showed that EmbedLLM achieves significantly higher environmental alignment than traditional baseline documents, with participants strongly favoring spatial orchestration for complex, structurally demanding procedures. However, the task execution study revealed a clear trade-off: active task support with EmbedLLM resulted in significantly longer completion times (996.93 s vs. 580.46 s) and increased cognitive load (3.00 vs. 2.31 on the NASA-TLX scale). Qualitative feed-back suggests these performance costs stem from the rigid sequential pacing of the generated interface and novices struggling with hardware terminology.
This work contributes the technical pipeline of EmbedLLM, a semantically enhanced physics layout algorithm, and empirical insights on context-aware XR instruction delivery. Future research directions include real-time situated action updates, user skill level adaptation, and integration with agentic GUI automation and text-to-3D models.

This thesis investigates the motivations and barriers that shape farmers’ participation in agricultural marketing cooperatives, with a focus on how farm size influences these dynamics. While established literature highlights economic, social, and governance-related drivers of participation, less is known about how these are perceived and prioritised by farmers of varying scales. Drawing on the Mutual Incentives Theory and elements of Self-Determination Theory, this study uses qualitative interviews with a diverse group of Flemish fruit and vegetable producers to explore motivational variation. Findings show that smaller farmers often highlight the cooperative’s stabilising role and deem their membership as critical, while larger farmers adopt a more strategic stance, valuing efficiency, autonomy, and access to alternative sales channels. Furthermore, the study reveals how collectivistic incentives, such as shared goals, are frequently internalised as individual business advantages. Ambitious, growth-oriented farmers, in particular, reported tensions between their entrepreneurial drive and the cooperative’s collective framework. This study contributes to the literature in three ways: by documenting how member motivations are interpreted through the lens of farm scale; by refining theoretical models of participation to account for strategic constraints; and by highlighting how motivation is shaped by context-specific perceptions, not fixed categories. These insights provide a more nuanced understanding of cooperative participation and offer broader relevance for motivation theory in collective organisational forms.

This thesis examines how climate change reshapes security and mobility by comparing two distinct pathways of climate-related displacement: rapid-onset drought and agricultural collapse in Syria, and slow-onset sea-level rise and salinization in Bangladesh. Building on Environmental Security, Human Security, and Securitization Theory, the study argues that these frameworks illuminate important mechanisms—such as climate change as a “threat multiplier” and the political construction of (in)security—but remain limited by state- and anthropocentric assumptions. To address these limits, the thesis advances a Green Theory–informed perspective that centers ecological integrity and climate justice as core security referents. Methodologically, the research employs a comparative case design with process-tracing and pattern-matching across secondary data (peer-reviewed studies, attribution science, displacement statistics, and policy reports). The Syria case links multi-year drought, rural–urban migration, and governance failures to heightened social unrest and onward displacement. The Bangladesh case shows how chronic inundation, salinity intrusion, and livelihood erosion generate primarily internal, incremental mobility with long-term human security risks. Cross-case synthesis demonstrates convergent vulnerabilities (exposure, adaptive capacity, and institutional response) alongside divergent temporal dynamics and policy needs. The thesis contributes in two ways: empirically, by integrating visual and quantitative evidence on climate impacts and mobility patterns across contrasting contexts; and normatively, by proposing elements of a sui generis protection regime for climatedisplaced persons (eligibility criteria for planned relocation, responsibility-sharing formula, and dedicated financing and monitoring). Overall, it reframes security in the Anthropocene toward ecocentric and justice-oriented protection that better aligns with the lived realities of climate-affected populations.

The Marvel Cinematic Universe is a large entertainment franchise that engages in
transmedia storytelling, or the spreading of narrative content over multiple media. This
implies both transfictionality (the sharing of story elements over multiple texts) and
transmediality (the spreading of texts over multiple media). As transmedial franchises
become increasingly prevalent, a thorough narratological analysis is needed in order to
understand the way in which their stories are told. This thesis attempts to develop a
method for describing the narrative structure of this transmedia storytelling by means of
Marie-Laure Ryan’s idea of the storyworld as a guiding framework. We begin by outlining
key theoretical definitions of transmediality and storyworlds as explained by Ryan in
order to establish a theoretical foundation. The Marvel Cinematic Universe is then
introduced as a solid case to explore these concepts. First, we focus on the notion of
transfictionality within several individual subfranchises of the MCU, diachronically
tracing how self-contained narratives gradually converge into a larger shared universe,
forcing the audience to constantly rethink the MCU’s storyworld. We analyse the impact
of this phenomenon by looking at the converging of the subfranchises’ ontologies in a
narrative content – such as film, television, theme parks, video games and comics – to
understand their role in building and complicating the storyworld. We conclude that
some formats are canonically more central than other formats, and that contradictions
can arise between these and the dominant cinematic narrative. Finally, we explore the
impact of the multiverse as a narrative device within the MCU, particularly its role in
integrating alternate storyworlds – including storyworlds from different media or
unrelated cinematic franchises. A conclusion presents a view of the MCU in which we
should distinguish the notion of the storyworld on several narrative levels, highlighting
the complexity of a narratological analysis in a transmedia context.

Reintegrating former rebels into civilian life remains a major challenge in post-conflict societies, where sustainable livelihoods and social cohesion are essential for long-term peace. The Philippines is one of the most conflict-affected countries in the world, sharing the 29th spot with Afghanistan and ranks second in ASEAN after Myanmar. The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) in the southern Philippines has been particularly affected by decades of armed conflict and
institutional weaknesses, notably in provinces such as Sulu. In response, the Philippine government is promoting the integration of returnees into coffee cooperatives as part of its peace and reintegration strategy. Despite persistent volatility, the BARMM, particularly Sulu province, has emerged as one of the country’s leading coffee-producing regions contributing over a quarter of national production and providing a strategic pathway to economic recovery. It is therefore crucial to understand how these cooperatives contribute to both livelihoods and social reintegration. This study examines how membership in a coffee cooperative is associated to the socio-economic transition of rebel returnees in Sulu. Based on the Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) framework and social capital theory, a comparative cross-sectional design with survey data from 101 returnees was used. Through regression analysis and structural equation modelling, we show that membership in a cooperative is associated with higher productivity, financial stability, and stronger social capital, even if infrastructural challenges, conflict vulnerabilities, governance, and market difficulties persist. The study demonstrates how locally rooted cooperatives can transform conflict legacies into peace dividends that foster economic gains, social cohesion, and inclusive development. These findings highlight the potential of cooperatives as a pathway for durable socio-economic transitions in fragile contexts. Moreover, the study underscores the importance of targeted support, capacity building, and improved market access to enable returnee cooperatives to fully realize their role in promoting sustainable livelihoods, facilitating social reintegration, and contributing to lasting peace.

Deze thesis integreert biofysische modellen van het werkgeheugen in taalkundige theorieën binnen het Minimalisme, met de focus op de Select-functie – het ophalen van Lexicale Elementen vanuit het langetermijngeheugen naar het kortetermijngeheugen. Ik vertaal eerst het traditionele feature- systeem naar een vectoren-gebaseerd mechanisme, waar de (on)interpreteerbaarheid als een vectoronderdeel gemodelleerd wordt. Deze verschuiving van een symbolisch naar een vector-systeem vangt niet alleen kenmerken van de Transfer-operatie, maar brengt het model ook in rooilijn met neurale populatiecodes. Daarna stel ik een hippocampus-gebasseerd biophysisch model van Lexicale Ophaling voor, waar neurodynamische principes statische features activeren en hun ophalen bepalen. Binnen dit framework vormt interpreteerbaarheid een neveneffect van het model en kan het [iF]-[uX]-mechanisme van Deal (2015) op natuurlijke wijze afgeleid worden as een vorm van sterk symmetrische paarophaling.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in developed countries and currently affects over 200 million people worldwide—a figure projected to reach 300 million by 2040 (Wong et al., 2014). Despite this high prevalence, most assistive reading technologies continue to prioritize magnification or contrast enhancements, offering limited support for the specific visual challenges posed by central vision loss. In particular, the potential of typography, despite its ubiquity, remains underutilized as an adaptive tool for addressing the specific demands of peripheral vision.

This thesis responds to this gap by proposing a hypothesis-driven reading system that integrates adaptive typography, kinetic text presentation, and eccentric viewing support. Grounded in interdisciplinary evidence from typographic research, vision science, low vision rehabilitation, and reading technology, the project repositions typography as an active contributor to accessible reading.

Two key outcomes were developed: Locus Serif, a variable typeface optimized for peripheral legibility through research-led modifications of multiple typographic parameters, including stroke weight (set between 22–33% of x-height), low stroke contrast, increased x-height, adjustable letter width (narrowing in the foveal region and widening toward the periphery), and scalable serif length (shortened progressively to maintain spatial balance with wider forms). These coordinated adjustments also influence the typeface’s visual rhythm, aiming to achieve an effective balance between heterogeneity and homogeneity—critical for supporting word segmentation and perceptual clarity in peripheral reading. The second component, ReSight, is a horizontal scrolling reading interface aligned to the user’s Preferred Retinal Locus (PRL), incorporating optional PRL calibration via a simplified Amsler grid, high-contrast display, fixation support, and adjustable scrolling controls.

Together, these components demonstrate how typographic design, when grounded in scientific research and implemented responsively, can enhance reading accessibility for individuals with central vision loss. The project offers a design-led framework that invites future empirical validation and potential integration into assistive reading technologies across platforms and scripts.

Extended Reality (XR) technologies, encompassing Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR), are increasingly reshaping sectors worldwide, including the museum field. This thesis examines the integration of XR in museum settings, focusing on its potential to enhance visitor engagement, accessibility, and educational outcomes while ensuring meaningful, user-centered experiences. As museums evolve from static repositories to dynamic, interactive environments, XR technologies offer a powerful means to transcend physical, geographical, and socioeconomic barriers, fostering deeper connections with diverse audiences.

Through a combination of literature review, field studies, and a case study of the Actual Day installation at MSK Ghent, this research investigates how XR can enrich museum experiences. The findings highlight the potential of XR to foster multisensory engagement, deepen emotional connections, and improve inclusivity by addressing physical, geographical, and socioeconomic constraints. However, the study also identifies key challenges, including funding limitations, ethical considerations, and technological obsolescence, which must be navigated to ensure sustainable implementation.

A central focus of this thesis is the importance of user-centered design and co creation, advocating for active visitor involvement in the development and assessment of XR applications. The study offers actionable strategies and a framework for aligning XR technologies with institutional missions, ensuring their transformative potential is realized in ways that are meaningful and inclusive.

This research contributes to the growing discourse on digital transformation in the cultural sector, offering evidence-based insights and practical frameworks for integrating XR technologies effectively. By blending technological innovation with human-centered practices, museums can redefine the visitor experience, ensuring cultural accessibility and engagement for future generations.

Deze thesis ontwikkelt een computationeel raamwerk voor structurele topologie-optimalisatie dat expliciet rekening houdt met multiaxiale vermoeiing onder niet-proportionele belastingen. Hoewel vermoeiing een veelvoorkomend faalmechanisme is in mechanische componenten, wordt het vaak behandeld als een nabewerkingsstap in plaats van als een integraal onderdeel van het ontwerpproces. Dit werk vult die leemte op door een kritieke-vlak vermoeiingsmodel rechtstreeks in het optimalisatie-algoritme te integreren.

Het raamwerk verwerkt het op rek gebaseerde Brown–Miller vermoeiingscriterium binnen een dichtheidsgebaseerde topologie-optimalisatiebenadering, waardoor vermoeiingslevensduur kan worden voorspeld bij complexe belastingstrajecten. De implementatie omvat een volledige analytische sensitiviteitsanalyse, zowel direct als adjoint, om een nauwkeurige en efficiënte optimalisatie met gradiënt-gebaseerde oplosmethodes te garanderen.

De methodologie wordt eerst gevalideerd op een L-beugel benchmark om de prestaties te demonstreren in vergelijking met doelstellingen gebaseerd op compliance en spanning. Vervolgens wordt ze toegepast op het ontwerp van een autowiel onderworpen aan een roterende buigproef. Dit is een gestandaardiseerde, multiaxiale en niet-proportionele vermoeiingsproef die elk aftermarket wiel moet doorstaan. De vermoeidheidsgeoptimaliseerde ontwerpen tonen een verbeterde verdeling van vermoeiingsschade, verminderde spanningsconcentraties en een verlengde voorspelde levensduur in vergelijking met andere ontwerpbenaderingen.

Door de voorspelling van de vermoeiingslevensduur in de optimalisatielus op te nemen, overbrugt dit onderzoek de kloof tussen structurele efficiëntie en langdurige duurzaamheid. De voorgestelde aanpak biedt een veelbelovend pad naar robuustere ontwerpen in veeleisende technische toepassingen.

----

This thesis develops a computational framework for structural topology optimisation
that explicitly accounts for multiaxial fatigue under non-proportional loading. While
fatigue is a frequently occurring failure mechanism in mechanical components, it is
often treated as a post-processing step rather than being integrated into the design
process. This work addresses that gap by embedding a critical-plane fatigue model
directly into the optimisation algorithm.

The framework incorporates the Brown–Miller strain-based fatigue criterion within a
density-based topology optimisation approach, enabling fatigue life prediction across
complex load paths. The implementation includes a full analytical sensitivity analysis,
both direct and adjoint, to ensure accurate and efficient optimisation with
gradient-based solvers.

The methodology is first validated on a benchmark L-bracket to demonstrate its
performance relative to compliance- and stress-based objectives. It is then applied
to the design of an automotive wheel subjected to a rotating bending test. This is
a standardised, multiaxial and non-proportional fatigue test that every aftermarket
wheel must pass. The fatigue-optimised designs exhibit improved fatigue damage
distribution, reduced stress concentrations and extended predicted fatigue life compared to different design approaches.

By embedding fatigue life prediction into the optimisation loop, this research bridges
the gap between structural efficiency and long-term durability. The proposed approach offers a promising pathway toward more resilient designs in demanding engineering applications.

This thesis explores how architectural practice engages with the socio-
political realities of displacement through methods of subjective storytelling
and spatial observation. Set within the broader frameworks of
temporality and marginality, the focus lies on two reception centres for
asylum seekers in Flanders: Opvangcentrum Westakkers – Rode Kruis
and Rode Kruisopvangcentrum Beveren. It does so by mapping how individuals
negotiate homemaking practices within these temporary and
institutionalised contexts.
By adopting a position of critical proximity, the analysis draws on sketching,
informal interviews, and on-site presence as tools to map space in
both a physical and emotional sense. Through this approach, personal
subjectivity is not masked, but embraced as a lens through which to reveal
hidden spatial narratives and to question the traditional role of the
architect.
This socio-spatial reflection is grounded in intersectional theory, building
on the work of researchers such as Luce Beeckmans, Huda Tayob and
Seethaler-Wari. It seeks to reframe the architectural gaze towards the
margin, as defined by bell hooks, not as a zone of lack or exclusion, but
as a space of resilience, improvisation, and agency. Rather than offering
a design solution, this thesis proposes a method of architectural engagement
that centres listening, mapping, and the empowering of voices that
are often left unheard.
Ultimately, this thesis aims to challenge dominant architectural modes by
foregrounding the potential of alternative, slower, and more humane ways
of reading and working with space, particularly in contexts where uncertainty
and hope coexist.

Met de groeiende adoptie van cloud computing rijzen vragen over de veiligheid van data en de betrouwbaarheid van cloudproviders. Blind vertrouwen is daarbij riskant, vooral voor gevoelige informatie. Deze scriptie onderzoekt de SVSM-vTPM, een technologie voor onafhankelijke attestatie, en test de toepasbaarheid in publieke clouds zoals AWS, Azure en Google Cloud. Het onderzoek laat zien dat directe inzet nog niet mogelijk is, brengt de beperkingen en fouten van bestaande provideroplossingen in kaart, en ontwikkelt een praktische aanpak voor reproduceerbare attestatie op Azure, zodat organisaties hun data beter kunnen controleren en beschermen.

Image, Archive, and Erasure: Visual Strategies of Italian Identity from Fascism to the Present.
This thesis investigates how photographic and archival practices have shaped the construction of Italian national identity from unification to the present, exposing the continuities between colonial, fascist, and post-fascist visual regimes. Through the case study of Leone Jacovacci — an Italian-Congolese boxer whose 1928 victory was erased from public record — the research examines how archives function as instruments of power that define visibility and belonging. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of Achille Mbembe, Ariella Azoulay, and Saidiya Hartman, it argues that absence within the archive is never neutral but a form of epistemic violence that structures collective memory.

By tracing the evolution of Italian image culture — from Lombroso’s pseudo-scientific photography to Mussolini’s propagandistic iconography and contemporary media — the study reveals how the aesthetic foundations of whiteness and exclusion persist beneath post-war and neoliberal narratives of modernity. Engaging both institutional and personal archives, the project proposes an alternative methodology grounded in solidarity and speculation: one that re-reads the archive not as a closed repository, but as a site of struggle and potential reactivation. Ultimately, it calls for a re-imagining of visual history as an ethical and political practice, where to look is also to take responsibility for what has been made invisible.

This thesis evaluates the credibility of a multi-constituent microstructurally-informed finite element model of arterial tissue. Understanding the link between arterial microstructure and mechanical function is essential for defining cardiovascular diseases like atherosclerosis and aneurysms. Representative volume element (RVE) models are increasingly used to explore this link by efficiently connecting microstructure to mechanics. However, many existing RVEs lack experimental calibration using tissue with selectively modified constituents, systematic validation across loading conditions, and biofidelic microstructural networks. Furthermore, there is limited understanding of how uncertainties in input parameters affect model predictions. Therefore, this study aims to assess and improve the credibility of an RVE model by addressing these gaps through detailed characterisation. The model is evaluated against experimental data from both native and enzymatically-treated tissue, and parameter sensitivity analyses are conducted.

To achieve this, uniaxial tensile tests were performed on native porcine aortic samples. Crucially, to isolate the mechanical roles of key constituents, samples were treated with the enzymes collagenase or elastase to deplete collagen or elastin, respectively. The resulting data calibrated and validated the RVE model, focusing on the collagen and elastin networks and the model’s anisotropic predictive capacity. Subsequently, a surrogate model based on an artificial neural network emulated the RVE’s mechanical response, enabling efficient Sobol' sensitivity analysis of six key microstructural, mechanical, and model parameters.

Enzymatic depletion confirmed distinct constituent roles: collagen-deficient tissue exhibited a linearised response with slight stiffening at high strains, whereas elastase-digested samples demonstrated increased compliance but lost structural integrity. RVE model validation emphasised the importance of accurately representing the anisotropic architecture. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis revealed that uncertainties in six key input parameters substantially influence RVE output variance, with elastin properties predominantly governing low-strain behaviour and collagen-related parameters dictating high-strain responses.

The calibrated and validated microstructurally-informed RVE model can reliably predict aortic mechanics if tissue anisotropy is adequately accounted for. The sensitivity analysis provided crucial insights into which parameters most significantly impact model output variance. This will guide future efforts in model refinement and highlight parameters that require precise experimental characterisation to reduce predictive uncertainty. Furthermore, it will strengthen the RVE's potential as a credible tool in arterial biomechanics research by establishing a more robust, uncertainty-aware modelling framework.

Vlotte toegang tot kwalitatieve gezondheidszorg is een grondrecht van elk mens. Om tot goede gezondheidszorg te komen, moet er echter goede communicatie zijn tussen arts en patiënt. In asielcentra kan dat problematisch zijn. De masterproef Communicatiestrategieën op de medische dienst van de asielcentra van Fedasil bestudeert het verloop van communicatie tussen asielzoekers en hulpverleners in asielcentra, om zo de meest kenmerkende aspecten ervan en de obstakels in de communicatie te kunnen uitlichten. Het onderzoek gebeurt op basis van paradigma’s uit de Language as social interacition (LSI)-theorie, in de vorm van een illustrative case-study. Uit het onderzoek komen vier belangrijke terugkerende obstakels naar voren: fluctuerende taalbarrières, false fluency, een moeilijke omgang met de voice of lifeworld en wisselingen in participation framework en rolverdeling. Deze obstakels kunnen goede gezondheidszorg in de weg staan. Mogelijk zouden een grotere inzet van professionele tolken en vormingen in LSI-sensitiviteit voor artsen deze moeilijkheden kunnen verzachten.

This thesis examines how Vladimir Putin has adjusted his personal brand over a ten-year period by analyzing three episodes of the televised program Direct Line with Vladimir Putin from 2014, 2019, and 2024. In modern authoritarian regimes, popularity and public legitimacy are crucial for maintaining power. This research applies Jennifer Aaker’s Five Dimensions of Brand Personality: Sincerity, Excitement, Competence, Ruggedness, and Sophistication, as a coding framework to assess how Putin constructs and adapts his image in response to changing political and social contexts. Four hypotheses were tested: (1) that Putin’s brand primarily uses Sincerity, Excitement, and Competence; (2) that Competence is emphasized during economically stable periods; (3) that Ruggedness and Daring increase during international crises and (4) that Excitement becomes more prominent when public mobilization is needed. The findings affirm the first two hypotheses. Sincerity, Excitement, and Competence consistently dominate Putin’s image, with a notable emphasis on Competence in 2019. The third hypothesis receives partial support, as Ruggedness increases during crisis years, though mainly in domestic contexts. The fourth hypothesis is not supported, as no significant rise in Excitement was observed in 2024. This study contributes to the field of political marketing in authoritarian regimes and offers a deeper understanding of how contemporary autocrats use media and personal branding to maintain legitimacy and control.

Koper-nanodeeltjes (Cu NP's) hebben een brede toepasbaarheid, maar hun synthese is gevoelig voor kleine veranderingen in reactieparameters. Deze gevoeligheid, in combinatie met het tijdrovende en arbeidsintensieve karakter van experimentele optimalisatie, vormt een grote uitdaging voor reproduceerbare synthese met gecontroleerde deeltjesgrootte. Bovendien is Machine Learning (ML) weliswaar veelbelovend gebleken voor materiaalonderzoek, maar wordt toepassing ervan vaak beperkt door gebrek aan hoogwaardige experimentele datasets. Deze studie onderzoekt ML om de grootte van Cu NP’s gevormd met microgolf geassisteerde polyolsynthese te voorspellen met kleine datasets, gegenereerd uit 25 intern uitgevoerde syntheses. Latin Hypercube Sampling wordt gebruikt om de parameterruimte van precursorconcentratie, temperatuur en reactietijd efficiënt te samplen. Ensemble-regressiemodellen, gebouwd met het AMADEUS-framework, voorspellen met hoge nauwkeurigheid de deeltjesgrootte en presteren daarmee beter dan klassieke statistische benaderingen. Featureselectie vermindert complexiteit van het model en verbetert generaliseerbaarheid. Daarnaast worden classificatiemodellen, gebaseerd op zowel traditionele random forests als Large Language Modellen (LLM’s), geëvalueerd om onderscheid te maken tussen grote en kleine deeltjes. Terwijl random forests matig presteren, bieden LLM’s geen duidelijke verbeteringen in omstandigheden met weinig gegevens. Over het algemeen toont dit onderzoek dat zorgvuldig samengestelde kleine datasets, in combinatie met robuuste klassieke ML, synthese van Cu NP's effectief kan voorspellen en dat voor laboratoriumonderzoek complexe LLM's geen voordelen bieden.

Mijn thesis onderzocht een fundamentele paradox : namelijk hoe Open Educational Resources educatie waarborgt voor iedereen - het doet een belofte van democratisatie en gelijkheid - maar tegelijkertijd reproduceert het koloniale hierarchieen in kennis. Het onderzoek werd benaderd vanuit een specifieke case-study naar OER Commons - wat zichzelf een ‘digitale bibliotheek en collaboratief platform’ noemt, waarin talrijke OER verzameld worden - op basis van digitaal veldwerk over deze site, in combinatie met kritische discoursanalyse van het ontwerp van de interface en diens algoritmes, om te kijken naar hoe het platform eruit ziet; hoe het werkt, en welke boodschappen het uitzendt over wat “goede” / “echte” kennis is.

Dit rapport introduceert Sustainable Tech Behaviour (STB), een benadering die de bredere impact van technologie onderzoekt. Vaak worden technologische keuzes gedreven door efficiëntie, winstgevendheid en schaalbaarheid. De ecologische, economische, sociale en individuele gevolgen blijven echter vaak onderbelicht. Dit onderzoek brengt deze gevolgen in kaart en biedt praktische oplossingen voor een meer verantwoord technologisch beleid.

De literatuurstudie laat zien dat duurzaamheid en ethiek steeds belangrijker worden in technologische besluitvorming. Studies benadrukken de noodzaak van systemisch denken en multidisciplinaire samenwerking. Daarnaast tonen onderzoeken aan dat onbedoelde gevolgen van technologie vaak pas laat zichtbaar worden, wat proactieve strategieën vereist. Het STB-framework is gebaseerd op deze inzichten en helpt
organisaties technologie bewuster en duurzamer te benutten.

Het onderzoek introduceert het STB-framework, dat zich richt op vier impactgebieden: individueel, sociaal, economisch en ecologisch. Deze pijlers vormen samen een holistische benadering om de impact van technologie op verschillende niveaus te
begrijpen en te sturen.
Het framework biedt een gestructureerde aanpak om zowel de positieve als negatieve gevolgen van technologische innovaties te analyseren en hiermee bewuste keuzes te maken die bijdragen aan duurzaamheid en ethische verantwoordelijkheid.

Vervolgens benadrukt het rapport de noodzaak van bewustwording en biedt concrete tools om organisaties te helpen verantwoorde keuzes te maken. Een kernpunt is het STB-framework, een visueel en interactief model waarmee decision-makers de onbedoelde gevolgen van technologie kunnen identificeren en evalueren. Dit framework helpt bij het systematisch analyseren van technologische keuzes en hun bredere implicaties. Hierdoor kunnen organisaties technologie inzetten op een manier die zowel economisch rendabel als maatschappelijk verantwoord is.

Naast het STB-framework bevat het rapport aanbevelingen zoals het bevorderen van systemisch denken, regulering en het aanmoedigen van ethische innovatie. Verder worden strategieën aangereikt om binnen bedrijven en instellingen draagvlak te creëren voor duurzame technologische transities.

Het eindresultaat is een toolkit in workshopvorm met methodieken die organisaties ondersteunen bij het maken van duurzame en ethisch verantwoorde technologische keuzes. Deze toolkit kan worden ingezet in strategische besluitvorming, beleidsontwikkeling en bewustwordingscampagnes binnen bedrijven en instellingen.

Door concrete handvatten te bieden, draagt dit rapport bij aan een toekomst
waarin technologie niet alleen een drijvende kracht is achter economische groei, maar ook bijdraagt aan een eerlijke, duurzame en inclusieve samenleving

Ik, Frauke Soetewey, navigeer tijdens deze masterproef door het ontdekken van een familiegeschiedenis die me eerder nog onbekend was. Het horen over een kerk in de haven van Antwerpen zette dit proces op gang, en hoewel die kerk me in eerste instantie aansprak door de absurde situatie waar die zich in bevindt, bleek later dat die veel meer betekenis draagt over mij en mijn familie. Vier polderdorpen moesten verdwijnen voor de uitbreiding van de haven waardoor 4500 inwoners werden onteigend, onder wie mijn grootouders.
Mijn positie als afstammeling en drie andere rollen werden de leidraad doorheen dit project.
Ten eerste ik als voyeur. Ik onderzocht de hele historie van de polders door het gebruik van verschillende bronnen binnen en buiten mijn familie. Ik bestudeerde de polders door op verschillende manieren te (blijven) kijken naar objecten en architectuur die nog bestaan. Het gaat over alledaagse architectuur te midden van haar absurde omgeving.
Ten tweede ik als tekenaar. Ik liet de architectuur aan het woord door middel van het visualiseren van geschreven getuigenissen van inwoners en afstammelingen. Het tekenen werkt als een verwerkingsproces om vervolgens er mee aan te slag te gaan als ontwerper.
En ten derde ik als ontwerper, waar ik architectuur gebruik om te spreken. Door middel van de ontwerpen geef ik kritiek op de verstoring van de haven en zijn problematieken via de nieuwe ruimtelijkheid. Hierbij gebruik ik bestaande elementen in een ongewone combinatie.

In dit werk wordt het zuurgevoelige gedrag van zeolitic imidazolate framework‑8 (ZIF‑8) onderzocht en benut voor de ontwikkeling van een nieuwe aanpak voor de zuivering, hantering en dosering van goudnanodeeltjes (AuNPs). Daartoe worden AuNPs ingekapseld in ZIF‑8, waardoor hybride AuNP@ZIF‑8‑poeders ontstaan. Deze poeders vergemakkelijken het werken met AuNPs, maken efficiënte zuivering mogelijk via centrifugatie bij lage g‑krachten, en vertonen uitstekende resuspensie na zuur‑geïnduceerde afbraak van ZIF‑8. De inkapselingsstrategie bleek zeer effectief: na drie zuiveringscycli werd meer dan 80 % van het goud behouden, terwijl dit voor niet‑ingekapselde AuNPs slechts 25 % was. Bovendien maakt de inkapseling het mogelijk om ongezuiverde colloïdale AuNP‑systemen om te zetten in robuuste, resuspendeerbare poeders die geschikt zijn voor transport en langdurige opslag.

Metacognition, the ability to think about one's thinking processes, is vital for
professional performance, academic achievement, and mental health. However, its
ambiguous nature and subjective measurement techniques across various fields have
posed significant challenges to research. Cognitive neuroscience offers a unique
solution by providing objective measurements that link metacognition to brain activity,
thereby establishing a ground truth. Recently, the convergence of explainable artificial
intelligence (XAI) and perceptual decision-making, a subsection of metacognition
within cognitive neuroscience, has led to the development of the WaveFusion
framework. This innovative framework holds the potential to contribute to the
unification of the fragmented metacognition research fields.
The aim of this thesis was to enhance the WaveFusion framework, an explainable
deep learning model, to classify metacognitive sensitivity and confidence using EEG
data. The objectives were (1) to achieve a classification accuracy of 95% for
metacognitive sensitivity, (2) to improve the accuracy for metacognitive confidence to
97.5%, and (3) to identify key ambiguities and limitations in metacognition research.
This study utilized an EEG dataset with event-related potentials (ERP) responselocked for type 1 decisions. Data preprocessing addressed dataset imbalances
through augmentation and balanced batch sampling. EEG samples were transformed
into spectrograms and processed using the deep learning architecture comprising a
Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network (LWCNN), a Squeeze and Excitation
Network (SEN), and a classification network. The model was pre-trained using Subject
Aware Contrastive loss (SAC) and trained with binary cross-entropy loss. SEN
facilitated the models explainability by visualizing the created attention weights
through topoplots, providing insights into brain areas used for classification.
The WaveFusion model achieved high classification accuracy, reaching 99.7% for
metacognitive confidence and 99.1% for metacognitive sensitivity. These
improvements were due to a larger selection of electrodes, response-locked ERP
data, and increased dataset size. The WaveFusion model not only demonstrates high
classification accuracy but also offers enhanced explainability. This allows the
framework to contribute to three major ambiguities: (1) the relationship between
metacognition and executive functions, (2) its connection to consciousness, and (3)
the domain generality of metacognition. By leveraging the WaveFusion framework, we
can overcome limitations in cognitive neuroscience research through (1) utilizing
transfer learning to compare relationships, (2) employing automatic classification to
investigate ecological validity, and (3) expanding the framework for multimodality to
integrate insights across various fields.
Future research should focus on increasing data variability, addressing outlier
performances, and improving interpretability through advanced visualization
techniques to enhance the WaveFusion model’s robustness and applicability across
cognitive neuroscience domains.

Over the last thirty years, gender has become an increasingly hotly debated topic within the Roman Catholic
Church. The core of the debate seems to revolve around the nature of gender. On one side stand gender
scholars such as de Beauvoir, Wittig, and Butler who regard gender as socially constructed. Butler as the
most influential philosopher of gender suggested that gender is performative. It has no particular basis in
nature but it is rather in performing acts that the reality of gender comes to be. On the other stands a reading
of gender as undetachable from biological sex. Readings of the latter sort often draw upon John Paul II’s
complementarian anthropology as sketched in his Theology of the Body. However, as an academic in
philosophy, Karol Wojtyła developed an understanding of the human person as constituted through their
acts in his book Person and Act. Due to the similarity in the concept of performed gender and that of the
enacted person, the following question arises: how does gender fit within Wojtyła’s understanding of the
person and how does this add up to John Paul II’s later complementarian anthropology?
To answer these questions, the first chapter will outline gender performativity as Judith Butler
understands is. However, the emphasis is placed on performativity rather than gender per se. Therefore, the
chapter first explores the roots of Butler’s gender performativity in the performative speech theory of J.L.
Austin. Thereafter Butler’s own contributions and adaptations to Austin’s framework are explored. The
main takeaways constitute the definition of performativity as a new reality established through acting act
as well as the insight that any performance is by definition rooted in social conventions.
In the second chapter, the primary findings of Karol Wojtyła in Person and Act are examined in
relation to Butler’s concept of performativity. Wojtyła presents an analysis of the human person in which
the person itself is constituted, changed, even “made”, through acts. The chapter goes on to illustrate just
how similar Butler’s concept of performativity really is to Wojtyła’s understanding of the establishing of
the person through the act. From there on several other similarities and differences between both authors
are explored, showing them to be better read in tandem than as opposed to one another.
In the third and final chapter, we explore where performative gender would fit in Wojtyła’s
framework established in Person and Act. This exploration results in the finding that gender is more
properly understood as part of the acting, personal capacities of the human person rather than their
biological nature. From this intermediary conclusion, the chapter shifts focus to John Paul II’s Theology of
the Body to see whether Person and Act’s personalistic framework is applied correctly when it comes to
gender. The thesis concludes that it is not because Theology of the Body intertwines biological sex with
gender, thereby not doing justice to gender as part of the person and as constituted in the act.
The entire thesis comes together in a brief conclusion about the performance of drag, summarising
the main points and showing how drag is met with different responses by Karol Wojtyła and John Paul II.

This policy report thesis explores the evolution of Anticipatory Action since its inception, tracing the roots from early pilot projects led by the German Red Cross in 2013 to the current usage across multiple countries. The research delves into the complexities of this approach, examining how it has been implemented, the lessons learned, and the potential for scaling up this initiative to ensure they become integral components of national disaster risk management frameworks.

The research identifies key trends in AA plans, highlighting the shift from small-scale pilot projects to more sustainable and widespread implementations. However, it also uncovers continuous challenges, including funding limitations, coordination issues among stakeholders, and the technical complexities linked with accurate forecasting.

Urban life is increasingly confronted with social and spatial injustices, as a consequence of turbocapitalism and its distorted frameworks impacting urban governance and bureaucracy. By means of the specific case study of Cape Town, a segregated city still carrying deep wounds from the Apartheid regime, this thesis investigates homelessness as one of the most tangible symptoms of surging inequality and urban crisis.

This study examines the city as a constellation of homeless architecture, either facilitating or hostile in nature, and in constant interference and interaction with one another. This lens is used in an interscalar way, straddling territorial and micro architectural scales. A constant imbalance manifests in this struggle over urban territory, and more particularly for urban land justice. The never-ending storyline of forced removals and evictions, lives on in the urban fabric. The built environment, urban legislation and vacant buildings are related to the homeless and anti-homeless architecture, structuring the dwelling culture of people experiencing homelessness within the city. The thesis’ objective, therefore, is to uncover the complexity of the homeless city, including the multi-layered urban tissue, the shelter and service system and the body to territory relations of urban residents experiencing homelessness.

The research, rooted in engaged fieldwork that took place in September - November 2023, together with spatial analysis and mapping, is conducted during the 2023-2024 academic year. A variety of homeless organizations, with different backgrounds, focuses, approaches and target groups, were fundamental stakeholders. They facilitated a closer interaction with and within the homeless network. Volunteering, outreach work and comprehensive interviews allowed us to gain insight into the complexity of the subject.

This study is developed as a graphic atlas, revealing how the hidden layers of homeless infrastructure are encapsulated in the socio-spatial anatomy of Cape Town. The atlas depicts both historical and current layers to provide insight into the contemporary city’s complex spatial dynamics and the role of homelessness therein.

Dit onderzoek biedt de mogelijkheid om leerkansen te creëren voor de huidige
woonwagenbewoners. Leren gaat immers niet alleen via school, maar ook via spel.
Dit werd verder aan het licht gebracht aan de hand van een literatuurstudie, die
zich spreidt over vier topics: woonwagencultuur, onderwijs, spel en sociaal-emotioneel leren (SEL). Voor spel en SEL werden respectievelijk volgende theorieën
gefilterd: flow- en zelfdeterminatietheorie én het CASEL framework.
Om betrokkenheid tijdens het onderzoek te vergroten werd er participatief gewerkt
met Art Based Research methoden. Daarnaast werd er een expertinterview
afgenomen bij Mobile School om na te gaan wat deze organisatie zou kunnen
betekenen in het kader van sociaal-emotioneel leren via spel op het
woonwagenterrein.
Hieruit is gebleken dat spel aanbieden op het terrein wel degelijk een meerwaarde
zou zijn. Zo kunnen kinderen namelijk sociaal-emotionele vaardigheden aanleren, die
ze in hun latere leven kunnen gebruiken. Bovendien draagt dit bij tot een positievere
beeldvorming van de maatschappij naar de gemeenschap toe.
Daarom mondt dit artikel uit in ontwerpeisen voor een speelterrein.

This thesis explores the political imperative of public space in the Brussels Capital Region. The city-region, marked by administrative complexity and political stratification, is today also subject to a disconnect between citizens and representative democratic instances. This disaffection is exacerbated by broader political polarisation and hyper-politicization within Belgian society. Furthermore, despite discussions about a reappropriation of public space, true progress remains relative and often coincides with creeping processes of depoliticization.
Public space, however, plays a crucial role within the public sphere, which has been influentially theorised by Jürgen Habermas and Hannah Arendt. Habermas's historical analysis of the bourgeois public sphere highlights principles of accessibility, rational deliberation, and reasoned opinion-formation. This has been critiqued by Nancy Fraser for its exclusion of subaltern groups, leading to her concept of multiple counter-public spheres. Arendt in a different stance emphasises plurality as fundamental to politics, with the public sphere then being the site for action and speech.
The public sphere, although non-dismissible for forming critical public opinion and active citizenship in contemporary democracy, is today challenged by delocalisation and disembodiment. Therefore, in response to challenges to both sphere and space, the political imperative of public space proves essential to (re)consider. Public space must in this regard be seen as a relational entity with socio-physical and spatio-temporal dimensions. Characteristics such as accessibility, inclusivity, and potential for transgression are key, yet public spaces are more often dominated by patterns of e.g. securitization, privatization, and commodification.
The conceptualization of political public space in this thesis considers it as either a playground or a theatre, focusing on democratic performance of both citizens and architecture in itself. The general framework is subsequently applied to the case of the Brussels Capital Region. An analysis of XDGA’s non-realised design for the Schuman Square, a significant political and symbolic site, illustrates the potential and limitations of formal public spaces for embedding political action. In contrast, but refraining from hierarchisation, Filter Café Filtré Atelier’s OpenStreets project demonstrates the potential of informal public spaces to foster political engagement and activism around themes of common interest. The Decoratelier case study ultimately emphasizes the importance of genuine political engagement in public space, warning against superficial participation.
Addressing the political imperative of public space proves crucial for enabling citizen engagement within societal transformation. While public space alone cannot resolve polarisation, it can contribute by making abstract disagreements tangible and fostering continuous negotiation and debate. The thesis identifies key socio-physical and architectural considerations for evaluating the political imperative of public spaces, such as representation, control, and multi-publicity. The goal is to create a framework for spaces that represent both diverse publics and society, while enabling collective action and participation. After all, architects have a significant role in designing these spaces through re-engaging politics and aesthetics by treating space as an active participant in societal and political dynamics.

Deze thesis onderzoekt de integratie van Federated Learning (FL) binnen het domein van het voorspellen van de hersenleeftijd met behulp van structurele Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Door gebruik te maken van het FL-framework Flower stelt dit onderzoek medische instellingen in staat om samen voorspellende modellen te ontwikkelen en tegelijkertijd de gegevensprivacy te waarborgen en te voldoen aan regelgeving zoals GDPR en de California Consumer Privacy Act. Door domeinaanpassingstechnieken toe te passen om ervoor te zorgen dat de leeftijd op alle knooppunten vertegenwoordigd is, vermindert dit onderzoek de problemen die ontstaan door heterogene gegevensdistributies, waardoor de modelprestaties verbeteren. De bevindingen benadrukken de effectiviteit van het gebruik van voorgetrainde modellen, namelijk met algoritmen zoals FedProx, die cliëntdrift corrigeren en hun voordeel aantonen in scenario's met zeer scheve gegevensdistributies. Dit onderzoek onderstreept het potentieel van FL om competitieve modellen te produceren die geschikt zijn voor praktische toepassing in neuroimagingtaken. De implicaties reiken verder dan het voorspellen van de hersenleeftijd en suggereren bredere toepassingen in de gezondheidszorg, waar gegevensprivacy en samenwerkend leren cruciaal zijn. Deze thesis dient als een fundamentele inspanning, waarbij theoretische vooruitgang wordt samengevoegd met praktische toepassingen in de medische diagnostiek, en moedigt verdere verkenning en ontwikkeling in deze domeinen aan.

In english:
Obesity prejudice is pervasive, especially in sports environments (Boudreault et al., 2022;
Greenleaf et al., 2012; Thedinga et al., 2021), and negatively impacts individuals who are
overweight or obese, including under -or unemployment, unequal treatment policies.,
discrimination in health care practices, and a higher risk of self-intentional harm and suicidality. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of an evaluative conditioning (EC)-based poster, grounded in the newly emerging inferential framework, designed to reduce two common stereotypical beliefs: ‘Overweight people are lazy’ and ‘Overweight people lack motivation to exercise’ (RQ1); while also assessing its effect on the evaluation of individuals who are overweight (RQ2).

The researchers hypothesized that the inferential EC-based poster in the experimental
condition would significantly reduce the stereotypical beliefs (H1a), as well as the reduction would be significantly greater in the experimental condition compared to the control condition (H1b), in which a traditional EC-based poster was presented. The inferential EC-based poster included the pairing of individuals who are overweight (i.e., unconditioned stimulus) with t-shirts displaying ‘I love/heart-symbol fitness’ (i.e., conditioned stimuli), and a slogan to clarify the relation between the pairings. Both posters were displayed in the gym setting and the outcome variables were measured using pre- and post-intervention questionnaires.

The results were mixed, providing partial support for H1a but no support for H1b. This
may be attributed to methodological issues common for research in naturalistic settings. While the intervention did not consistently reduce all targeted stereotypical beliefs or consistently show stronger effects than the traditional EC-based poster, it did significantly reduce the belief that overweight people lack motivation to exercise, with a small to moderate effect size. Furthermore, the study may have found a significant positive effect of the inferential EC-based poster on the evaluation outcome. However, this potential effect should be further examined.

This study highlights the promise of inferential EC-based posters as a potential tool for
reducing obesity prejudice and stereotypical beliefs in everyday environments such as gyms. The findings underscore the importance of further research to replicate and refine inferential EC interventions, focusing on optimizing design variations and enhancing their impact in real-world contexts.

Deze masterproef onderzoekt het effect van een hoog intensief taak georiënteerd trainingskamp op de posturale controle bij kinderen met DCD tussen 6 en 12 jaar oud. Deze thesisstudie is gesitueerd binnen een doctoraatstudie rond posturale controle bij kinderen met DCD. De belangrijkste aspecten die gebruikt werden tijdens de interventie waren taakgerichte activiteiten, 1-op-1 begeleiding, motorisch leren en het framework van posturale controle.

This study reconstructs the creative writing pedagogy of Guido Gezelle at the Klein Seminarie
in Roeselare, drawing on both previous publications and previously unexplored student
exercises. These exercises are linked to Gezelle's debut poetry collection, Vlaemsche
Dichtoefeningen (1858), and other relevant primary sources. This thesis is divided into three
chapters, each addressing different facets of Gezelle's teaching methods to provide a
comprehensive understanding of his educational practices.
Chapter one presents a portrait of Guido Gezelle, emphasizing his youth and education,
which significantly influenced his teaching style. Gezelle's deep appreciation for nature, his
strong advocacy for the Flemish language, and his educational background were pivotal in
shaping his approach to creative writing teaching. His initial experiences as a teacher, coupled
with his relationship with Bp. Malou, who played a crucial role in Gezelle's life from the
beginning of his priesthood, are also discussed. Despite his preference to be a missionary in
England, Gezelle's dedication to teaching proved to be the catalyst for his dual vocation as a
poet and priest. His so-called particularistic stance on the Flemish language, his Catholic faith,
his accessible approach to poetry, and his close bonds with his students were fundamental to
his teaching practice.
Chapter two examines the broader educational context of the turbulent 19th century and
its implications for Gezelle's teaching environment. This chapter, along with the first,
addresses how the educational context at the Klein Seminarie influenced Gezelle's teaching.
The school's curriculum emphasized character and attitude formation inspired by humanistic
ideals. Gezelle's pedagogical approach balanced formal rigor with creative freedom,
emphasizing language and its musicality. His methods aimed to cultivate a deep appreciation
for the technical and aesthetic aspects of poetry among his students.
The third chapter offers a detailed analysis of the primary sources, including Gezelle's
Vlaemsche Dichtoefeningen and the various student exercises. These exercises, which cover a
wide range of topics such as alliteration, imitation, translation, current events, nature
descriptions, literary adaptations, and miracle stories, provide insights into Gezelle's teaching
methods. His pedagogical practices were advanced for their time, incorporating tailored
instruction, differentiated difficulty levels, feedback, and relevance to the students' lives.
In short, this study sheds light on Gezelle's creative writing pedagogy at the Klein
Seminarie, offering a nuanced understanding of his methods. While many questions remain
unanswered, this study provides an introductory framework on which future research can
build.